In 1834 the French priest Félicité de Larnmenais wrote Paroles dun Croyant, in which he asserted that it would not be a nation or a Icing or a church that would bear the future destiny of mankind but "the people." Lammenais and the L'Avenir group in Paris had appealed in 1831 to Pope Gregory XVI, advocating that the Catholic Church abandon its traditional alliance with the thrones of Europe to align itself with and become the champion of the freedom of the people; In the encyclical Mirari Vos Gregory XVI repudiated Lammenais's appeal and reaffirmed the mutually reinforcing relationship between the true religion and established political power as the one guarantee against "an ever-approaching resolution-abyss of bottomless miseries."