Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4rdrl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-13T15:04:06.507Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Songs to Revitalise Community Solidarity among the Indigenous Mah Meri of Malaysia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 October 2023

Abstract

Mah Meri musicians in Malaysia are calling for a revitalisation of community solidarity by adding fragments of new song text to their traditional songs. Intrinsic to the new song texts are narratives of working together, sharing and unity in the community. Through a reexamination of my personal interviews and fieldnotes with these musicians over the past two decades, I posit that their new song texts address social issues that emerged as the village adopted values of modernisation introduced by policies to integrate these people into mainstream society. Rather than outwardly protesting these policies, I argue that Mah Meri musicians challenge top-down hegemonies through a subtle approach of metaphor, rhetoric, and sympathetic appeal in their songs. They direct their efforts inward to their community to rejuvenate and sustain their indigenous values of egalitarianism.

Abstrak

Abstrak

Pemuzik Mah Meri di Malaysia menyeru supaya semangat perpaduan masyarakat dihidupkan semula melalui penggubahan senikata baharu yang diterapkan ke dalam lagu tradisional mereka. Intrinsik dalam senikata baharu ini adalah naratif mengenai kerjsama, perkongsian dan perpaduan dalam komuniti. Melalui penganalisan semula temu bual peribadi dan nota lapangan saya dengan pemuzik Mah Meri selama dua dekad, saya berpendapat bahawa lirik baharu mereka ditujukan kepada isu sosial yang muncul setelah kampung Mah Meri mula mengamalkan nilai pemodenan yang diperkenalkan oleh dasar untuk mengintegrasikan mereka ke dalam masyarakat arus perdana. Daripada mencabari dasar ini secara terbuka, saya berhujah bahawa pemuzik Mah Meri mencabar hegemoni melalui pendekatan metafora, retorik dan rayuan simpati dalam lagu mereka. Mereka mengarahkan usaha untuk menghidupkan semula semangat perpaduan serta mengekalkan nilai egalitarianisme peribumi kepada komuniti mereka.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published on behalf of The International Council for Traditional Music

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Sarji, Ahmad Hamid, Abbul. 1993. Malaysia’s Vision 2020: Understanding the Concept, Implications, and Challenges. Selangor: Pelanduk Publications.Google Scholar
Andaya, Leonard Y. 2008. Leaves of the Same Tree: Trade and Ethnicity in the Straits of Melaka. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Audet, Véronique. 2012. “Why Do the Innu Sing Popular Music? Reflections on Cultural Assertion and Identity Movements in Music.” In Aboriginal Music in Contemporary: Echoes and Exchanges, ed. Hoefnagels, Anna and Diamond, Beverly, 372407. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baer, Adela, Endicott, Karen, Gianno, Rosemary, Howell, Signe, Nowak, Barbara S., and van der Sluys, Cornelia. 2006. Orang Asli Women of Malaysia: Perceptions, Situations & Aspirations. Subang Jaya, Malaysia: Center for Orang Asli Concerns.Google Scholar
Chan, Clare Suet Ching. 2010. “Mah Meri Onstage: Negotiating National Policies, Tourism and Modernization in Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Carey Island, Malaysia.” PhD dissertation, University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa.Google Scholar
Chan, Clare Suet Ching. 2023. Songs of Ecology, Community, and Indigenous Values: The Mah Meri of Carey Island, Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya Press.Google Scholar
Dentan, Robert Knox. 1968. The Semai: A Nonviolent People of Malaya. New York: Holt, Rineheart and Winston.Google Scholar
Dentan, Robert Knox, Endicott, Kirk, Gomes, Alberto G. and Hooker, M. B.. 1997. Malaysia and the "Original People”: A Case Study of the Impact of Development on Indigenous Peoples. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.Google Scholar
Dunbar‐Hall, Peter1996. “Rock Songs as Messages: Issues of Health and Lifestyle in Central Australian Aboriginal Communities.” Popular Music and Society 20(2):4367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edo, Juli. 2012. “Pendidikan Orang Asli: Harapan dan Peluang.” In Pendidikan Dan Orang Asli Dalam Arus Perdana, ed. Abdullah, Ramle, Simin, Amat, Hafis, Mohamad, Azlina, Abdullah, and Mansor, Zurina, 4363. Kuala Terengganu: Penerbit Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin.Google Scholar
Elliot, Anthony, and Lemert, Charles. 2009. The New Individualism: The Emotional Cost of Globalization (Revised Edition). London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Favre, Pierre Étienne Lazare. 1865. “An Account of the Wild Tribes Inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula, Malaysia, Sumatra and a Few Neighbouring Islands.” Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia 2(1):237–82.Google Scholar
Asli, Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang. 1993. Programme Summary. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli.Google Scholar
Karim, Wazir-Jahan Begum. 1981. Ma’ Betsie Concepts of Living Things. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lin, Tse-Hsiung. 2011. “Mountain Songs Hakka Songs Protest Songs: A Case Study of Two Hakka Singers from Taiwan.” Asian Music 42(1):85122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Means, Gordon P. 1986. “The Orang Asli: Aboriginal Policies in Malaysia.” Pacific Affairs 58(4):637–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merriam, Alan P. 1964. The Anthropology of Music. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.Google Scholar
Ministry of Economic Affairs. 2019. Shared Prosperity Vision 2030: Restructuring the Priorities of Malaysia’s Development. Kuala Lumpur: Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Berhad.Google Scholar
Najib, Razak. 2006. Globalising Malaysia: Towards Building a Developed Nation. Kuala Lumpur: MPH Group Publishing.Google Scholar
Nicholas, Colin. 2000. The Orang Asli and the Contest for Resources: Indigenous Politics, Development, and Identity in Peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs.Google Scholar
Nicholas, Colin. 2022. Looking Back and Looking Forward: Orang Asli Self-governance and Democracy. Chiangmai and Subang Jaya, Kuala Lumpur: Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact and Center of Orang Asli Concerns.Google Scholar
Nowak, Barbara S. 1987. “Marriage and Household: Btsisi’ Response to a Changing World.” PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo.Google Scholar
Nowak, Barbara S., and Muntil, Singan Knәn. 2004. “Btsisi’, Blandas, and Malays: Ethnicity and Identity in the Malay Peninsula Based on Btsisi’ Folklore and Ethnohistory.” Asian Folklore Studies 63(2):303–23.Google Scholar
Rahim, Reita. 2007. Chita’ Hae: Culture, Crafts and Customs of the Hma’ Meri in Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Pulau Carey. Kuala Lumpur: Center of Orang Asli Concerns.Google Scholar
Rees, Helen. 2016. “Environmental Crisis, Culture Loss, and a New Musical Aesthetic: China’s ‘Original Ecology Folksongs.’Ethnomusicology 60(1):5388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roseman, Marina. 1991. Healing Sounds from the Malaysian Rainforest: Temiar Music and Medicine. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roseman, Marina. 1998. “Singers of the Landscape: Song, History, and Property Rights in the Malaysian Rain Forest.” American Anthropologist 100(1):106–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roseman, Marina. 2002. “Engaging the Spirits of Modernity: The Temiars.” In Tribal Communities in the Malay World: Historical, Cultural and Social Perspective, ed. Benjamin, Geoffrey and Chou, Cynthia, 185205. Singapore: ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute.Google Scholar
Roseman, Marina. 2006. “The Canned Sardine Spirit Takes the Mic.” In Ethnomusicology: A Contemporary Reader, ed. Post, Jennifer C., 147–60. New York and London: Taylor and Francis Group.Google Scholar
Rostow, Walt Whitman. 1959. The Stages of Economic GrowthThe Economic History Review 12(1):116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanders, D. E. 1999. “Indigenous Peoples: Issues of Definition.” International Journal of Cultural Property 8(1):413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, James C. 1985. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Skeat, Walter William, and Blagden, Charles Otto. 1906Pagan Races of the Malay Peninsula. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Tan, Sooi Beng. 2014. “Modernizing Songs of the Forest: Indigenous Communities Negotiate Tensions of Change in Malaysia.” In Sonic Modernities in the Malay World: A History of Popular Music, Social Distinction and Novel Lifestyles (1930s–2000s), ed. Bart Barendregt, 353–70. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, Richard James. 1971. “A History of the Peninsular Malays with Chapters on Perak and Selangor.” In Papers on Malay Subjects, ed. Wilkinson, Richard James, 13151. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Umbi, Akar. 2002Songs of the Dragon. Kuala Kubu Baru: Magick River.Google Scholar
Artists, Various. 2020. Songs and Music of the Indigenous Mah Meri of Malaysia. Recorded and produced by Clare Suet Ching Chan.Google Scholar
Adam, Gali. Interview by author. Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Selangor, 21 October 2022.Google Scholar
Uju, Julida. Interview by author. Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Selangor, 4 March 2022.Google Scholar
Khamis, Kemie. Interview by author. Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Selangor, 4 March 2009.Google Scholar
Unyan, Maznah. Interview by author. Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Selangor, 4 March 2022.Google Scholar
Tebung, Titah. Interview by author. Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Selangor, 16 April 2009.Google Scholar
Sidin, Yahya. Interview by author. Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Selangor, 14 July 2009.Google Scholar
Umbi, Akar. 2002Songs of the Dragon. Kuala Kubu Baru: Magick River.Google Scholar
Artists, Various. 2020. Songs and Music of the Indigenous Mah Meri of Malaysia. Recorded and produced by Clare Suet Ching Chan.Google Scholar
Adam, Gali. Interview by author. Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Selangor, 21 October 2022.Google Scholar
Uju, Julida. Interview by author. Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Selangor, 4 March 2022.Google Scholar
Khamis, Kemie. Interview by author. Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Selangor, 4 March 2009.Google Scholar
Unyan, Maznah. Interview by author. Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Selangor, 4 March 2022.Google Scholar
Tebung, Titah. Interview by author. Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Selangor, 16 April 2009.Google Scholar
Sidin, Yahya. Interview by author. Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Selangor, 14 July 2009.Google Scholar