On our Plate is depicted the head-shield of the well-known Old Red Sandstone fish, Cephalaspis, the genus first described by Agassiz in 1835, the species C. Salweyi, by Egerton in 1857, and still later as C. asterolepis, by Harley in 1859. The specimen was obtained by Mr. John Edward Lee, F.G.S., of Torquay, from the “Cornstones,” Old Red Sandstone, Skerrid Vawr, near Abergavenny, and is drawn about one-third less than the natural size. “ Two cornua were obtained by Dr. Mac Cullough from the same quarry at Abergavenny, furnishing the evidence of these parts which are wanting in Mr. Lee's specimen” (Lankester).

A discussion has more than once arisen, in the course of the last two years, respecting the true position or the quartz conglomerate exposed near Twt Hill, Carnarvon, which was first described by Prof. Bonney and Mr. Houghton in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, vol. xxxv. p. 321. The typical quarry is situated on the S.E. side of the ridge, close underneath Twt Hill, and the exposure there shows the quartz conglomerate in juxtaposition to the granitoid rock that constitutes the axis of the ridge. The authors describe a passage between the granitoidite below and the conglomerate above, and state that the latter “passes lip into a rock which has some resemblance to the bottom rock” (granitoidite). In the GEOL. MAG. for March, 1880, p. 118, Dr. Callaway writes: “Messrs. Bonney and Houghton have detected at Twt Hill a passage between the granitoidite and a quartzose conglomerate with a S.E. dip. I have visited this section, and having examined the rock inch by inch, I can entirely confirm their identification.”

As bearing upon the subject of Mr. J. Arthur Phillips's interesting and valuable paper in the last number of the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, entitled, “On the Constitution and History of Grits and Sandstones,” a description of a cliff section of blown sand now to be seen on the coast at Crosby may not be without value. The section in question, which attracted the attention of a local geologist, Mr. William Semmons, and myself, is at a point on the coast where the sea is encroaching upon the sand-dunes, and washing them away at the base leaves the face almost vertical. The resemblance of the sand to rock is most striking, presenting all those peculiarities of cross-bedding and lines of erosion we are familiar with in some of the Triassic sandstones of the neighbourhood. During the last twelve years, in walks along the shore, I have often observed the laminations of the blown sand disclosed by denudation, but never so strikingly as in the present case. The beds not only display delicate laminations, but stand out in ribs and cornices, simulating Gothic mouldings in pi'ofile. On trying how so loose a material as blown sand could retain these projecting forms, I was surprised to find the projections comparatively hard and solid. On breaking a piece off, the reason became apparent; for instead of the usually dry incoherent grains of sand, below the surface-skin the sand was quite damp. A very little addition of siliceous or calcareous cement would turn the mass into rock.

Having considered the conditions under which the Mammoth lived in Siberia, we now propose to turn to the parallel problem in Europe, and to show that the mode of life was practically the same in both areas, and that the problem which has to be solved is virtually the same in both.

In the February Number of the Geological Magazine, there is an article by Messrs. B. N. Peach and J. Home, answering the doubts expressed by me regarding the soundness of their views on this subject.

Looking carefully through Herra Thoroddsen's researchful and excellent paper, with the above heading, published in the October (1880) Number of the Geological Magazine, I notice that two or three errors have crept in.

Cretaceous.—Lying everywhere quite unconformably below the Tertiary beds are the Cretaceous rocks, which constitute on the coast the true Coal-bearing horizon of British Columbia. These rocks probably at one time spread much more widely along the coast than they now do, but have since been folded and disturbed during the continuation of the process of mountain elevation, and have been much reduced by denudation. Their most important area, including the coal-rnining regions of Nanaimo and Comox, may be described as forming a narrow trough along the north-east border of Vancouver Island, 130 miles in length. The rocks are sandstones, conglomerates, and shales. They hold abundance of fossil plants and marine shells in some places, and in appearance and degree of induration much resemble the true Carboniferous rocks of some parts of Eastern America.