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A Comparison of the Effects of Intraosseous and Intravenous 5% Albumin on Infusion Time and Hemodynamic Measures in a Swine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 May 2016

Stacy L. Muir ,
Lance B. Sheppard ,
Anne Maika-Wilson ,
James M. Burgert Open the ORCID record for James M. Burgert [Opens in a new window] ,
Jose Garcia-Blanco ,
Arthur D. Johnson  and
Jennifer L. Coyner
Stacy L. Muir
Affiliation:
United States Army Medical Department Center and School, Northeastern University, US Army Graduate Program in Anesthesia Nursing, Fort Sam Houston, TexasUSA
Lance B. Sheppard
Affiliation:
United States Army Medical Department Center and School, Northeastern University, US Army Graduate Program in Anesthesia Nursing, Fort Sam Houston, TexasUSA
Anne Maika-Wilson
Affiliation:
United States Army Medical Department Center and School, Northeastern University, US Army Graduate Program in Anesthesia Nursing, Fort Sam Houston, TexasUSA
James M. Burgert*
Affiliation:
United States Army Medical Department Center and School, Northeastern University, US Army Graduate Program in Anesthesia Nursing, Fort Sam Houston, TexasUSA The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WashingtonUSA
Jose Garcia-Blanco
Affiliation:
The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WashingtonUSA
Arthur D. Johnson
Affiliation:
United States Army Medical Department Center and School, Northeastern University, US Army Graduate Program in Anesthesia Nursing, Fort Sam Houston, TexasUSA The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WashingtonUSA
Jennifer L. Coyner
Affiliation:
United States Army Medical Department Center and School, Northeastern University, US Army Graduate Program in Anesthesia Nursing, Fort Sam Houston, TexasUSA
*
Correspondence: James M. Burgert, DNAP US Army Medical Department and School Northeastern University US Army Graduate Program in Anesthesia Nursing 3490 Forage Rd. Suite 112 Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234 USA E-mail: james.burgert@alumni.bcm.edu
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Abstract

Introduction

Obtaining intravenous (IV) access in patients in hemorrhagic shock is often difficult and prolonged. Failed IV attempts delay life-saving treatment. Intraosseous (IO) access may often be obtained faster than IV access. Albumin (5%) is an option for prehospital volume expansion because of the absence of interference with coagulation and platelet function.

Hypothesis/Problem

There are limited data comparing the performance of IO and IV administered 5% albumin. The aims of this study were to compare the effects of tibial IO (TIO) and IV administration of 500 mL of 5% albumin on infusion time and hemodynamic measurements of heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume (SV) in a swine model of hemorrhagic shock.

Methods

Sixteen male swine were divided into two groups: TIO and IV. All subjects were anesthetized and a Class III hemorrhage was achieved by exsanguination of 31% of estimated blood volume (EBV) from a femoral artery catheter. Following exsanguination, 500 mL of 5% albumin was administered under pressurized infusion (300 mmHg) by the TIO or IV route and infusion time was recorded. Hemodynamic measurements of HR, MAP, CO, and SV were collected before and after exsanguination and every 20 seconds for 180 seconds during 5% albumin infusion.

Results

An independent t-test determined that IV 5% albumin infusion was significantly faster compared to IO (P=.01). Mean infusion time for TIO was seven minutes 35 seconds (SD=two minutes 44 seconds) compared to four minutes 32 seconds (SD=one minute 08 seconds) in the IV group. Multivariate Analysis of Variance was performed on hemodynamic data collected during the 5% albumin infusion. Analyses indicated there were no significant differences between the TIO and IV groups relative to MAP, CO, HR, or SV (P>.05).

Conclusion

While significantly longer to infuse 5% albumin by the TIO route, the longer TIO infusion time may be negated as IO devices can be placed more quickly compared to repeated IV attempts. The lack of significant difference between the TIO and IV routes relative to hemodynamic measures indicate the TIO route is a viable route for the infusion of 5% albumin in a swine model of Class III hemorrhage.

MuirSL, SheppardLB, Maika-WilsonA, BurgertJM, Garcia-BlancoJ, JohnsonAD, CoynerJL. A Comparison of the Effects of Intraosseous and Intravenous 5% Albumin on Infusion Time and Hemodynamic Measures in a Swine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock. Prehosp Disaster Med.2016;31(4):436–442.

Keywords

albuminhemorrhagic shockinfusion timeintraosseousresuscitation
Type
Original Research
Information
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine , Volume 31 , Issue 4 , August 2016 , pp. 436 - 442
Copyright
© World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine 2016 

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