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Ferromagnetism and Near-infrared Luminescence in Neodymium and Erbium Doped Gallium Nitride via Diffusion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Melvyn Oliver Luen ,
Neeraj Nepal ,
Pavel Frajtag ,
John Zavada ,
Ei Brown ,
Uwe Hommerich ,
Salah M. Bedair  and
Nadia El-Masry
Melvyn Oliver Luen
Affiliation:
moluen@ncsu.edu, North Carolina State University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
Neeraj Nepal
Affiliation:
nnepal@ncsu.edu, North Carolina State University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
Pavel Frajtag
Affiliation:
pfrajta@ncsu.edu, North Carolina State University, Materials Science and Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
John Zavada
Affiliation:
jmzavada@ncsu.edu, North Carolina State University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
Ei Brown
Affiliation:
eiei.nyein@hamptonu.edueinyein@gmail.com, Hampton University, Physics, Hampton, Virginia, United States
Uwe Hommerich
Affiliation:
uwe.hommerich@hamptonu.edu, Hampton University, Department of Physics, Hampton, Virginia, United States
Salah M. Bedair
Affiliation:
bedair@ncsu.edu, North Carolina State University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
Nadia El-Masry
Affiliation:
elmasry@ncsu.edu, North Carolina State University, Materials Science and Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
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Abstract

In this study, we report on the diffusion of neodymium (Nd) and erbium (Er) into n-type and undoped GaN and subsequent measurements of the room-temperature (RT) magnetic and optical properties. The diffusion profile has been measured via secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) with rare-earth (RE) concentration yields of up to 1×1018/cm3. The ferromagnetic properties were measured using an alternating gradient magnetometer (AGM) giving a saturation magnetization (Ms) of up to 3.17emu/cm3 for the RE-diffused layer. The photoluminescence (PL) emission of the Nd-diffused and Er-diffused GaN is observable in the near-infrared (NIR) and infrared (IR) regions of the spectrum, respectively. The Nd-diffused GaN samples show NIR emission at 1064nm and 1350nm, while Er-diffused GaN samples have IR emission at 1546nm. This appears to be the first successful result of Nd diffusion doping into GaN crystals, and the first demonstration of above RT ferromagnetism involving GaN diffused with Nd. Details of our ferromagnetic and optical emission studies, related to the RE diffusion into GaN, are presented.

Keywords

ferromagneticdiffusionnitride
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1183: Symposium FF – Novel Materials and Devices for Spintronics , 2009 , 1183-FF06-01
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2009

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