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Alcohol use is associated with thinner cerebral cortex and larger ventricles in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and healthy controls

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 November 2016

E. H. Lange ,
S. Nerland ,
K. N. Jørgensen ,
L. Mørch-Johnsen ,
R. Nesvåg ,
C. B. Hartberg ,
U. K. Haukvik ,
K. Osnes ,
I. Melle  and
O. A. Andreassen
...Show all authors
E. H. Lange*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway NORMENT and K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
S. Nerland
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
K. N. Jørgensen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway NORMENT and K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
L. Mørch-Johnsen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway NORMENT and K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
R. Nesvåg
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
C. B. Hartberg
Affiliation:
NORMENT and K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
U. K. Haukvik
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway NORMENT and K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
K. Osnes
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
I. Melle
Affiliation:
NORMENT and K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Division of Mental Health and Addiciton, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
O. A. Andreassen
Affiliation:
NORMENT and K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Division of Mental Health and Addiciton, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
I. Agartz
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway NORMENT and K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
*
*Address for correspondence: E. H. Lange, MD, Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, PO Box 85 Vinderen, 0319 Oslo, Norway. (Email: elisabeth.lange@medisin.uio.no)
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Abstract

Background

Excessive alcohol use is associated with brain damage but less is known about brain effects from moderate alcohol use. Previous findings indicate that patients with severe mental illness, particularly schizophrenia, are vulnerable to alcohol-related brain damage. We investigated the association between levels of alcohol consumption and cortical and subcortical brain structures in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients and healthy controls, and investigated for group differences for this association.

Method

1.5 T structural magnetic resonance images were acquired of 609 alcohol-using participants (165 schizophrenia patients, 172 bipolar disorder patients, 272 healthy controls), mean (s.d.) age 34.2 (9.9) years, 52% men. Past year alcohol use was assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test – Consumption part (AUDIT-C). General linear models were used to investigate associations between AUDIT-C score and cortical thickness, surface area, and total brain and subcortical volumes.

Results

Increasing AUDIT-C score was linearly associated with thinner cortex in medial and dorsolateral frontal and parieto-occipital regions, and with larger left lateral ventricle volume. There was no significant interaction between AUDIT-C score and diagnostic group. The findings remained significant after controlling for substance use disorders, antipsychotic medication and illness severity.

Conclusion

The results show a dose-dependent relationship between alcohol use and thinner cortex and ventricular expansion. The findings are present also at lower levels of alcohol consumption and do not differ between schizophrenia or bipolar disorder patients compared to healthy controls. Our results do not support previous findings of increased vulnerability for alcohol-related brain damage in severe mental illness.

Keywords

Alcohol consumptionalcohol-related disordersbraingray mattermagnetic resonance imagingpsychotic disorders
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 47 , Issue 4 , March 2017 , pp. 655 - 668
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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