Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T03:31:12.325Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Toxic effects of insecticides on the life table and development of Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on okra

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2016

Salman Ahmad ,
M. Shafiq Ansari ,
Nadeem Khan  and
Fazil Hasan
Salman Ahmad*
Affiliation:
Integral Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Integral University, Lucknow, India
M. Shafiq Ansari
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Nadeem Khan
Affiliation:
Integral Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Integral University, Lucknow, India
Fazil Hasan
Affiliation:
Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
*
*E-mails: salmanalig.alig@gmail.com; salmanamd@iul.ac.in
Get access

Abstract

Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, is an important vegetable crop grown throughout the tropical and temperate regions of the world. Spotted bollworm, Earias vittella (Fab.), is one of the most important insect pests of okra. The effects of insecticides (cypermethrin, imidacloprid, carbaryl and neem oil) were studied on the fitness of the F1 generation of E. vittella by a demographic method. Life table was constructed from the eggs obtained by the surviving individuals that had ingested insecticides. Survivorship and expectancy was highest with the commencement of age and gradually decreased with the progression of age in the treatment groups and control. However, it was reduced in the treatment groups in comparison to control groups. Highest numbers of unhatched eggs (17%) were recorded with imidacloprid and cypermethrin treatments, whereas all the eggs hatched in control groups. Larval mortality was high in the initial instars as compared to late instars. Potential fecundity was significantly reduced to 94 females/female/generation treated with cypermethrin as compared to 256 in the untreated females. Developmental time of pre-pupa and pupa was significantly decreased with cypermethrin treatment. The intrinsic rate of increase was reduced to 0.0201 females/female/day in cypermethrin groups as compared to 0.046 in the control groups. The generation time was 33.27 days in the control, which was reduced to 26.78 days with carbaryl treatment and was increased to 37.5 days with neem oil. Insecticides cause adverse effect on the surviving generation of E. vittella, and may be incorporated as a valuable component in the integrated management of E. vittella on okra.

Keywords

Insecticide toxicityEarias vittellalife table and developmentokra
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 37 , Issue 1 , March 2017 , pp. 30 - 40
Copyright
Copyright © icipe 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ansari, M. S, Ahmad, T., Ali, H. and Gulrez, H. (2008) Effect of imidacloprid on life table of Plutella xylostella (Linn.). Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 16, 341–346.Google Scholar
Ahmad, N., Ansari, M. S. and Hasan, F. (2012a) Effects of neem based insecticides on Plutella xylostella (Linn.). Crop Protection 34, 18–24.Google Scholar
Ahmad, N., Ansari, M. S. and Nazrussalam. (2012b) Effect of neemarin on life table indices of Plutella xylostella (L.). Crop Protection 38, 7–14.Google Scholar
Ahmad, S. and Ansari, M. S. (2013) Acute toxicity and sub-lethal effects of a pyrethroid (cypermethrin) on survival, development and fitness of Helicoverpa armigera . Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 46, 1726–1739.Google Scholar
Ahmad, S., Ansari, M. S. and Ahmad, N. (2013a) Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid on the fitness of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 33, 264–275. doi: 10.1017/S1742758413000246.Google Scholar
Ahmad, S., Ansari, M. S. and Moraiet, M. A. (2013b) Demographic changes in Helicoverpa armigera after exposure to neemazal (1% EC azadirachtin). Crop Protection 50, 30–36.Google Scholar
Ahmad, S., Ansari, M. S. and Muslim, M. (2015) Toxic effects of neem based insecticides on the fitness of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). Crop Protection 68, 72–78.Google Scholar
Birch, L. C. (1948) The intrinsic rate of natural increase of an insect population. Journal of Animal Ecology 17, 15–26.Google Scholar
Boyd, M. L. and Boethel, D. J. (1998) Residual toxicity of selected insecticides to heteropteran predaceous species (Heteropotera: Lygaeidae, Nabidae, Pentatomidae) on soybean. Environmental Entomology 27, 154–160.Google Scholar
Butter, N. S., Singh, G. and Dhawan, A. K. (2003) Laboratory evaluation of the insect growth regulator lufenuron against Helicoverpa armigera on cotton. Phytoparasitica 31, 200–203.Google Scholar
Butterworth, J. H. and Morgan, E. D. (1968) Isolation of a substance that suppresses feeding in locusts. Chemical Communications 1, 23–24 doi:10.1039/C19680000023.Google Scholar
Cespedes, C. L., Salazar, J. R., Martinez, M. and Aranda, E. (2005) Insect growth regulatory effects of some extracts and sterols from Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Cactaceae) against Spodoptera frugiperda and Tenebrio molitor . Phytochemistry 66, 2481–2493.Google Scholar
Deevey, E. S. Jr (1947) Life tables for natural populations of animals. The Quarterly Review of Biology 22, 283–314.Google Scholar
Dixon, A. F. G. (1987) Parthenogenetic reproduction and the rate of increase in aphids, pp. 269–287. In Aphids: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control Volume 2A (edited by Minks, A. K. and Harrewijn, P.). Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Elzen, G. W. (2001) Lethal and sublethal effects of insecticide residues on Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Geocoris punctipes (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 94, 55–59.Google Scholar
EPA [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency] (2004) Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Carbaryl [revised 10/22/04]. Case 0080. https://archive.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/web/pdf/carbaryl_ired.pdf.Google Scholar
FAO (2007) Food and Agricultural organization stats, http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor.Google Scholar
Fujiwara, Y., Takahashi, T., Yoshioka, T. and Nakasuji, F. (2002) Changes in egg size of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) treated with fenvalerate at sublethal doses and viability of the eggs. Applied Entomology and Zoology 37, 103–109.Google Scholar
Hasan, F. and Ansari, M. S. (2011) Toxic effects of neem-based insecticides on Pieris brassicae (Linn.). Crop Protection 30, 502–507.Google Scholar
Holscher, J. A. and Barrett, B. A. (2003) Effects of methoxyfenozide-treated surfaces on the attractiveness and responsiveness of adult codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 96, 623–628.Google Scholar
Jallow, M. F. A. and Zalucki, M. P. (2003) Relationship between oviposition preference and offspring performance in Australian Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Australian Journal of Entomology 42, 343–348.Google Scholar
James, D. G. and Vogele, B. (2001) The effect of imidacloprid on survival of some beneficial arthropods. Plant Protection Quarterly 16, 58–62.Google Scholar
Kaufman, D. D., Russell, B. A., Helling, C. S. and Kayser, A. J. (1981) Movement of cypermethrin, decamethrin, permethrin, and their degradation products in soil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 29, 239–245. doi: 10.1021/jf00104a008.Google Scholar
Kraiss, H. and Cullen, E. M. (2008) Insect growth regulator effects of azadirachtin and neem oil on survivorship, development and fecundity of Aphis glycines (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its predator, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Pest Management Science 64, 660–668.Google Scholar
Kumar, S., Dagnoko, S., Haougui, A., Ratnadass, A., Pasternak, D. and Kouame, C. (2010) Okra (Abelmoschus spp.) in West and Central Africa: Potential and progress on its improvement. African Journal of Agricultural Research 5, 3590–3598.Google Scholar
Kumar, U., Singh, D. V., Sachan, S. K., Bhatnagar, A. and Singh, R. (2014) Insect pest complex of okra and biology of shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (F). Indian Journal of Entomology 76, 29–31.Google Scholar
Lashkari, M. R., Sahragard, A. and Ghadamyari, M. (2007) Sublethal effects of imidacloprid and pymetrozine on population growth parameters of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae on rapeseed, Brassica napus L. Insect Science 14, 207–212.Google Scholar
Liu, D. G. and Trumble, J. T. (2005) Interactions of plant resistance and insecticides on the development and survival of Bactericerca cockerelli [Sulc] (Homoptera: Psyllidae). Crop Protection 24, 111–117.Google Scholar
Luckey, T. D. (1968) Insecticide hormoligosis. Journal of Economic Entomology 61, 7–12.Google Scholar
Mahapatro, G. K. and Gupta, G. P. (1999) Bioefficacy of commercial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis against cotton bollworm complex vis-a-vis spraying time. Indian Journal of Entomology 61, 65–74.Google Scholar
Mahmoudvand, M., Abbasipour, H., Garjan, A. S. and Bandani, A. R. (2011) Sublethal effects of indoxacarb on the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 46, 75–80.Google Scholar
Malarvannan, S., Murali, P. D., Shanthakumar, S. P., Prabavathy, V. R. and Nair, S. (2010) Laboratory evaluation of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana against tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). Journal of Biopesticides 3, 126–131.Google Scholar
Meisner, J., Klein, M. and Keren, S. (1990) Effect of Margosan-O on the development of Earias insulana . Phytoparasitica 18, 287–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muthu, C., Baskar, K., Kingsley, S. and Ignacimuthu, S. (2010) Bioefficacy of Atalantia monophylla (L.) Correa. against Earias vittella Fab. Journal of Central European Agriculture 11, 27–30.Google Scholar
Myers, C. T. and Hull, L. A. (2003) Insect growth regulator impact on fecundity and fertility of adult tufted apple bud moth, Platynota idaeusalis Walker. Journal of Entomological Science 38, 420–430.Google Scholar
Pretorius, L. M. (1976) Laboratory studies on the developmental reproductive performance of Helicoverpa armigera on various food plants. Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa 39, 337–334.Google Scholar
Rahman, M. M., Uddin, M. M. and Shahjahan, M. (2013) Management of okra shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (Fabricius) using chemical and botanical insecticides for different okra varieties. International Research Journal of Applied Life Sciences 2, 1–9.Google Scholar
Ramasubramanian, T. and Regupathy, A. (2003) Relative fitness of pyrethroid selected populations of Helicoverpa armigera Hub. Asian Journal of Plant Science 2, 1170–1174.Google Scholar
Saber, M., Parsaeyan, E., Vojoudi, S., Bagheri, M., Mehrvar, A. and Kamita, S. G. (2013) Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide and thiodicarb on survival, development and reproduction of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection 43, 14–17.Google Scholar
Schmutterer, H. (Ed.) (1995) The Neem Tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Other Meliaceous Plants: Sources of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes. VCH Publishers, Weinheim, Germany. 696 pp.Google Scholar
Southwood, T. R. E. (1978) Ecological Methods With Particular Reference to the Study of Insect Populations (2nd ed.). Springer, Netherlands. 490 pp.Google Scholar
Srinivas, R. N., Raguraman, S. and Rajendran, R. (2003) Laboratory evaluation of the potentiation of neem extract with the extracts of sweet-flag and pungam on bhendi shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (Fab.). Entomon 28, 271–281.Google Scholar
Stark, J. D. and Banks, J. E. (2003) Population level effects of pesticides and other toxicants on arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology 48, 505–519.Google Scholar
Stark, J. D., Banks, J. E. and Acheampong, S. (2004) Estimating susceptibility of biological control agents to pesticides: Influence of life history strategies and population structure. Biological Control 29, 392–398.Google Scholar
Stark, J. D. and Rangus, T. M. (1994) Lethal and sublethal effects of the neem insecticide formulation, ‘Margosan-O’, on the pea aphid. Pest Management Science 41, 155–160.Google Scholar
Stark, J. D., Vargas, R. and Banks, J. E. (2007) Incorporating ecologically relevant measures of pesticide effect for estimating the compatibility of pesticides and biocontrol agents. Journal of Economic Entomology 100, 1027–1032.Google Scholar
Stark, J. D. and Wennergren, U. (1995) Can population effects of pesticides be predicted from demographic toxicological studies? Journal of Economic Entomology 85, 1089–1096.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thanavendan, G. and Jeyarani, S. (2010) Effect of different temperature regimes on the biology of Bracon brevicornis Wesmael (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) on different host larvae. Journal of Biopesticides 3, 441–444.Google Scholar
Walthall, W. K. and Stark, J. D. (1997) A comparison of acute mortality and population growth rate as endpoints of toxicological effect. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 37, 45–52.Google Scholar
Wang, D., Gong, P., Li, M., Qiu, X. and Wang, K. (2009) Sublethal effects of spinosad on survival, growth and reproduction of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pest Management Science 65, 223–227. doi: 10.1002/ps.1672.Google Scholar
Yin, X. H., Wu, Q. J., Li, X. F., Zhang, Y. J. and Xu, B. Y. (2009) Demographic changes in multigeneration Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) after exposure to sublethal concentrations of spinosad. Journal of Economic Entomology 102, 357–365.Google Scholar