Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-qxdb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T02:13:46.261Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The role of a lifetime history of oppositional defiant and conduct disorders in adults with ADHD: implications for clinical practice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2012

Eduardo S. Vitola ,
Carlos A. I. Salgado ,
Katiane L. Silva ,
Rafael G. Karam ,
Marcelo M. Victor ,
Nina R. Mota ,
Verônica Contini ,
Felipe A. Picon ,
Paula O. Guimarães-da-Silva  and
Rafael S. Giordani
...Show all authors
Eduardo S. Vitola
Affiliation:
ADHD Outpatient Program–Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Carlos A. I. Salgado
Affiliation:
ADHD Outpatient Program–Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Katiane L. Silva
Affiliation:
ADHD Outpatient Program–Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Rafael G. Karam
Affiliation:
ADHD Outpatient Program–Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Marcelo M. Victor
Affiliation:
ADHD Outpatient Program–Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Nina R. Mota
Affiliation:
ADHD Outpatient Program–Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Verônica Contini
Affiliation:
ADHD Outpatient Program–Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Felipe A. Picon
Affiliation:
ADHD Outpatient Program–Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Paula O. Guimarães-da-Silva
Affiliation:
ADHD Outpatient Program–Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Rafael S. Giordani
Affiliation:
ADHD Outpatient Program–Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Luis A. Rohde
Affiliation:
ADHD Outpatient Program–Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Paulo Belmonte-de-Abreu
Affiliation:
ADHD Outpatient Program–Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Claiton H. D. Bau*
Affiliation:
ADHD Outpatient Program–Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Eugenio H. Grevet
Affiliation:
ADHD Outpatient Program–Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
*
*Address for correspondence: Prof. Claiton H. D. Bau, Departamento de Genética, UFRGS, Campus do Vale, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. (Email claiton.bau@ufrgs.br)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Introduction

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) are frequently co-occurring disorders in children and adolescents. However, their clinical status among adults is still under discussion. This study analyzes how the current clinical presentation of adult ADHD might be influenced by a lifetime history of CD and ODD.

Methods

We compared three groups of patients: ADHD without history of CD/ODD (n = 178), ADHD + history of ODD (n = 184), and ADHD + history of CD (n = 96).

Results

A history of CD (and to a lower extent ODD) is associated with a more severe and externalizing profile.

Conclusion

Past CD and ODD entail a significant negative mental health impact on persistent ADHD, reinforcing the importance of actively assessing the developmental history of adult ADHD patients.

Keywords

ADHDadultsconductexternalizingoppositional
Type
Original Research
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 17 , Issue 2 , June 2012 , pp. 94 - 99
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

This study was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS-PRONEX), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (FIPE-HCPA), and FAPERGS/DECIT/SCTIE/MS/PPSUS.

References

1.Costello, EJ, Mustillo, S, Erkanli, A, Keeler, G, Angold, A. Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003; 60(8): 837–844.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Connor, DF, Steeber, J, McBurnett, K. A review of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder complicated by symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2010; 31(5): 427–440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Achenbach, TM, Edelbrock, CS. Psychopathology of childhood. Annu Rev Psychol. 1984; 35: 227–256.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Kendler, KS, Davis, CG, Kessler, RC. The familial aggregation of common psychiatric and substance use disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey: a family history study. Br J Psychiatry. 1997; 170: 541–548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Kendler, KS, Prescott, CA, Myers, J, Neale, MC. The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for common psychiatric and substance use disorders in men and women. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003; 60(9): 929–937.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Krueger, RF, Caspi, A, Moffitt, TE, Silva, PA. The structure and stability of common mental disorders (DSM-III-R): a longitudinal-epidemiological study. J Abnorm Psychol. 1998; 107(2): 216–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Krueger, RF. The structure of common mental disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999; 56(10): 921–926.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Krueger, RF, Markon, KE, Patrick, CJ, Benning, SD, Kramer, MD. Linking antisocial behavior, substance use, and personality: an integrative quantitative model of the adult externalizing spectrum. J Abnorm Psychol. 2007; 116(4): 645–666.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Young, SE, Stallings, MC, Corley, RP, et al. . Genetic and environmental influences on behavioral disinhibition. Am J Med Genet. 2000; 96(5): 684–695.3.0.CO;2-G>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Hicks, BM, Krueger, RF, Iacono, WG, et al. . Family transmission and heritability of externalizing disorders: a twin-family study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004; 61(9): 922–928.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Young, SE, Friedman, NP, Miyake, A, et al. . Behavioral disinhibition: liability for externalizing spectrum disorders and its genetic and environmental relation to response inhibition across adolescence. J Abnorm Psychol. 2009; 118(1): 117–130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Biederman, J, Petty, CR, Dolan, C, et al. . The long-term longitudinal course of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in ADHD boys: findings from a controlled 10-year prospective longitudinal follow-up study. Psychol Med. 2008; 38(7): 1027–1036.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Kim-Cohen, J, Caspi, A, Moffitt, TE, et al. . Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder: developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003; 60(7): 709–717.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Burke, JD, Loeber, R, Lahey, BB, Rathouz, PJ. Developmental transitions among affective and behavioral disorders in adolescent boys. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2005; 46(11): 1200–1210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Copeland, WE, Shanahan, L, Costello, EJ, Angold, A. Childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders as predictors of young adult disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009; 66(7): 764–772.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Rowe, R, Costello, EJ, Angold, A, et al. . Developmental pathways in oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. J Abnorm Psychol. 2010; 119(4): 726–738.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. Washington, DC: Author; 1994.Google Scholar
18.Harpold, T, Biederman, J, Gignac, M, et al. . Is oppositional defiant disorder a meaningful diagnosis in adults? Results from a large sample of adults with ADHD. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007; 195(7): 601–605.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Kaplan, E, Fein, D, Morris, R, Delis, DC. WAIS-R: manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1991.Google Scholar
20.Mercadante, MT, Asbahar, F, Rosário, MC, Ayres, AM, Karman, L, Ferrari, MC. KSADS, entrevista semi-estruturada para diagnóstico em psiquiatria da infância, versão epidemiológica. São Paulo: FMUSP; 1995.Google Scholar
21.Ambrosini, PJ. Historical development and present status of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children (K-SADS). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002; 39(1): 49–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Grevet, EH, Bau, CA, Salgado, CA, et al. . Interrater reliability for diagnosis in adults of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder using K-SADS-E. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2005; 63(2A): 307–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Applegate, B, Lahey, B, Hart, E, et al. . Validity of the age of onset criterion for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a report from the DSM-IV field trials. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997; 36(9): 1211–1221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Barkley, RA, Biederman, J. Toward a broader definition of the age-of-onset criterion for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997; 36(9): 1204–1210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Rohde, LA, Biederman, J, Zimmermann, H, et al. . Exploring ADHD age-of-onset criterion in Brazilian adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000; 9(3): 212–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26.Karam, RG, Bau, CHD, Salgado, CAI, et al. . Late-onset ADHD in adults: milder, but still dysfunctional. J Psychiatr Res. 2009; 43(7): 697–701.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Kieling, C, Kieling, RR, Rohde, LA, et al. . The age at onset of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2010; 167(1): 14–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28.Amorim, P. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): validation of a short structured diagnostic psychiatric interview. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2000; 22: 106–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Sheehan, DV, Lecrubier, Y, Sheehan, KH, et al. . The Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998; 59(20): 34–57.Google ScholarPubMed
30.First, MB, Spitzer, RL, Gibbon, M, Williams, JB. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I. Disorders, patient edition (SCID-I/P, Version 2.0, 8/98 revision). New York: Biometric Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute; 1998.Google Scholar
31.Swanson, JM. School-based assessments and interventions for ADD students. Irvine, CA: KC Publishing; 1992.Google Scholar
32.Mattos, P, Serra-Pinheiro, MA, Rohde, LA, Pinto, D. A Brazilian version of the MTA-SNAP-IV for evaluation of symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional-defiant disorder. Revista de Psiquiatria do RS. 2006; 28: 290–297.Google Scholar
33.Barkley, RA, Murphy, KR. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a clinical workbook, 2nd ed. New York: The Guilford Press; 1998.Google Scholar
34.Cloninger, CR, Svrakic, DM, Przybeck, TR. A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993; 50(12): 975–990.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35.Fuentes, D, Tavares, H, Camargo, CHP, Gorenstein, C. Inventário de Temperamento e Caráter de Cloninger—validação da versão em Português. Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica. 1999; 26: 363–376.Google Scholar
36.Salgado, CA, Bau, CH, Grevet, EH, et al. . Inattention and hyperactivity dimensions of ADHD are associated with different personality profiles. Psychopathology. 2009; 42(2): 108–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37.Abramson, JH. WINPEPI (PEPI-for-Windows): computer programs for epidemiologists. Epidemiologic Perspectives & Innovations. 2004; 1(1): 6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38.Dinn, WM, Aycicegi, A, Harris, CL. Cigarette smoking in a student sample: neurocognitive and clinical correlates. Addict Behav. 2004; 29(1): 107–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39.Murphy, KR, Barkley, RA, Bush, T. Young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: subtype differences in comorbidity, educational, and clinical history. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2002; 190(3): 147–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40.Grevet, EH, Bau, CH, Salgado, CA, et al. . Lack of gender effects on subtype outcomes in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: support for the validity of subtypes. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2006; 256(5): 311–319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed