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  • Cited by 8
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
August 2009
Print publication year:
2006
Online ISBN:
9780511535451

Book description

Safeguarding economic prosperity, whilst protecting human health and the environment, is at the forefront of scientific and public interest. This book provides a practical and balanced view on toxicology, control, risk assessment and risk management, addressing the interplay between science and public health policy. This revised edition provides a detailed analysis on chemical and by-product exposure, how they enter the body and the suitability of imposed safety limits. Chapters on dose, with particular emphasis on children and vulnerable subpopulations, reproductive and developmental toxicants and toxicity testing are included. With updated and comprehensive coverage of international developments of risk management and safety, this will have broad appeal to researchers and professionals involved in chemical safety and regulation as well as the general reader interested in environmental pollution and public health.

Reviews

'Calculated Risks demystifies the science and policies of risk assessment. It has become a staple in risk education, and is essential reading for students and professionals in public health, environmental protection, and public policy.'

Thomas A. Burke - Johns Hopkins University

‘… Rodricks has made the difficult topic of risk assessment accessible to the regulatory, policy and scientific communities. Calculated Risks focuses on the science of assessing health risks and provides a framework for understanding this complex topic. It should be required reading for those concerned about environmental pollution and protection of health and environment.

Carol J. Henry - American Chemistry Council

‘Rodricks has written a book with a wealth of technical material that is so easy to read and follow, and which will be a gift to the students and fellow professionals he hopes will use it.’

Alastair Hay Source: Nature Book Reviews

‘Rodricks' book needs to be read by every medical scientist with any concern for public health issues as well as by environmental and food safety campaigners. It will sharpen debating skills enormously, broaden understanding of risk through chemicals and reveal not a few idiocies. Rodricks tells the scientists, the campaigners and the concerned citizens what they need to know. And they won't even need a dictionary. Dose-response curves, thresholds, environmental epidemiology and drug metabolism are all covered in simple and, at times, humorous terms. Toxicology is delightful - an art as well as science. Rodricks covers both.’

Simon Wolff Source: New Scientist Review

‘It is difficult to praise this book enough. An even-handed text that emphasizes complexity and reveals the gaps in our knowledge rather than oversimplifying the science of toxicology, [this book] belongs on the shelves of every environmental organization. Writing in a manner that neither condescends nor baffles his readers, Joseph V. Rodricks has produced a text that if used as a point of departure in discussing siting, pollution, and similar disputes could save time and effort … This book is the basic text we all should read.’

C. Ian Jackson Source: Environment

' … presents a practical and balanced clarification of the scientific basis for our concerns and uncertainties. It should serve to refocus the debate.'

Source: Biology Digest

' … a well-organized and readable text … The book should be recommended reading for those interested in obtaining an understanding of risk assessment.'

M. P. Schellenberg - Canadian Field Naturalist

' … provides access to the science and uncertainty behind the oft-quoted risks of toxic chemicals … The reader who completes the book is likely to know much more about the limitations of all assessments of risk.'

Resha M. Putzrath Source: BioScience

'Rather than attempting to expose governmental and corporate ignorance, negligence or corruption, this book explores the underlying scientific issues. It presents a clarification of the scientific basis for our concerns and uncertainties.'

Source: The Bulletin of Sci., Tech and Soc.

' … the best book we have yet seen on the theory of risk assessment - lucidly written, and even-handed … If you want to understand the theory of risk assessment from the viewpoint of a successful risk assessor, this is the book for you."

Source: Rachel's Hazardous Waste News

'… interesting and most valuable … A reader who is already familiar with the first edition of the book will obtain a better and deeper insight into a risk assessment and its role in risk management. … those who have to apply the results of risk assessment will find that this book provides a wealth of information to improve their understanding.'

Source: Angewandte Chemie

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Contents

Sources and recommended reading
Some general reference works
Derelanko, Michael ed. (1995) Handbook of Toxicology, 2nd edn. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press.
Derelanko, Michael Available from the same publisher as a “pocketbook.”
Hayes, A. Wallace ed. (2001) Principles and Methods of Toxicology, 4th edn. Philadelphia, Taylor and Francis.
Klassen, C. D. ed. (2001) Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 6th edn. New York, McGraw Hill.
Chapters 1, 2, and 3
Centers for Disease Control. (2001) National Report on Human Exposures to Environmental Chemicals. Washington, DC, Department of Health and Human Services.
Gilbert, S. G. (2004) A Small Dose of Toxicology. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press.
International Programme on Chemical Safety. (1999) Principles for the Assessment of Risks to Human Health from Exposure to Chemicals. Geneva, World Health Organization. Chapter 5.
Lippman, M. ed. (2000) Environmental Toxicants: Human Exposures and Their Health Effects, 2nd edn. New York, John Wiley and Sons.
Lüllmann, H.et al. (2000) Color Atlas of Pharmacology, 2nd edn. Stuttgart, Thieme.
Natural Research Council. (1993) Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children. Washington, DC, National Academies Press.
Smiley, R. A. and Jackson, H. L. (2002) Chemistry and the Chemical Industry: A Practical Guide for Non-Chemists. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press.
USEPA. (1992) Guidelines for Exposure Assessment. Washington, DC, Environmental Protection Agency. Publication No. Environmental Protection Agency/600/Z-92/001.
Wexler, P. ed. (1998) Encylopedia of Toxicology. San Diego, Academic Press.
Chapter 4
Ballantyne, B., Marrs, T., and Syversen, T. eds. General and Applied Toxicology. (1999) 2nd edn. New York, Groves Dictionaries Inc., and London, Macmillan Reference Ltd.
International Programme on Chemical Safety. Environmental Health Criteria. Geneva, World Health Organization.
International Programme on Chemical Safety Multiple volumes on the toxicology of individual chemicals are available.
Lu, F. C. and Kacew, S. (2002) Lu's Basic Toxicology, 4th edn. New York, CRC Press.
Massaro, E. J. ed. (1997) Handbook of Human Toxicology. New York, CRC Press.
Chapters 5 and 6
Ames, B. N.et al. (1973) Carcinogens are mutagens: a simple test system combining liver homogenates for activation and bacteria for detection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 70, 2281–2285.
Armitage, P. and Doll, R. (1954) The age distribution of cancer and a multi-stage theory of carcinogenesis. British Journal of Cancer, 8, 1–12. Reprinted, with commentary, in: International Journal of Epidemiology. 33, 1179–1184 (2004).
Carson, R. (1962) Silent Spring. Boston, Houghton Mifflin.
Cohen, S. M. (2004) Human carcinogenic risk evaluation. An alternative approach to the two-year rodent bioassay. Toxicological Sciences. 80, 227–229.
Conklin, G. (1949) Cancer and environment. Scientific American, 180 (1).
Davis, D. L.et al. (1990) International trends in cancer mortality. The Lancet. 366, 474–481.
Doll, R. (2004) Commentary: the age distribution of cancer and a multistage theory of carcinogenesis. International Journal of Epidemiology. 33, 1183–1184.
Doll, R. and Hill, A. B. (1950) Smoking and carcinoma of the lung. Preliminary report. British Medical Journal. 2, 739–748.
Doll, R. and Peto, R. (1981) The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 66, 1191–1308.
Ellerman, V. and Bang, O. (1908) Experimental leukemia in chickens. Zeitschrift fur Hygiene und Infektionskrakheiten. 63, 231–273.
Gordis, L. (2000) Epidemiology, 2nd edn. Philadelphia, W. B. Sanders.
Hueper, W. (1942) Occupational Tumors and Allied Diseases. Springfield, IL, C. C. Thomas.
Kennaway, E. L. and Hieger, I. (1930) Carcinogenic substances and their fluorescent spectra. British Medical Journal. 1, 1044–1046.
McCann, E.et al. (1975) Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in the Salmonella/microsome test: assay of 300 chemicals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 70, 5135–5139.
Nasca, P. and Pastides, H. (2001) Fundamentals of Cancer Epidemiology. Gaithersburg, MD, Aspen Publishers.
Rous, Peyton (1911) A sarcoma of the fowl transmissible by an agent separable from the tumor cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 13, 397–411.
Varmus, H. and Weinburg, R. A. (1993) Genes and the Biology of Cancer. New York, Scientific American Library.
Williams, B. (1993) Biostatistics: Concepts and Applications for Biologists. London, Chapman and Hall.
Wynder, E. L. and Graham, E. A. (1950) Tobacco smoking as a possible etiologic factor in bronchogenic carcinoma. Journal of the American Medical Association. 143, 329–336.
Report on Carcinogens: Tenth Annual Report (2001) Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Chapters 7 and 8
Haimes, Y. (1998) Risk Modeling, Assessment, and Management. New York, John Wiley and Sons.
Hardman, J. G. and Limbird, L. E. (2000) Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 10th edn. New York, McGraw Hill. Chapters 3 and 4.
Hrudey, S. and Krewski, D. (1995) Is there a safe level of exposure to a carcinogen?Environmental Science and Technology. 29, 370A.
National Research Council. (1983) Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. Committee on the Institutional Means of Assessment of Risks to Public Health. Washington, National Academy Press.
National Research Council. (1994) Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment. Committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants. Washington, National Academy Press.
National Research Council. (1996) Understanding Risk: Informing Decisions In a Democratic Society. Washington, National Academy Press.
Paustenbach, D. ed. (2002) Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: Theory and Practice. New York, John Wiley and Sons.
USEPA. See Internet section, below, for links to all Environmental Protection Agency guidelines on risk assessment.
Chapter 9
Butenhoff, J. L., et al. (2004) Characterization of risk for general population exposure to perfluorooctanoate. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 36, 363–380.
Caitley, R. C.et al. (1998) Do peroxisome proliferating compounds pose a hepatocarcinogenic hazard to humans?Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 27, 47–60.
Calabrese, E. J. and Cook, R. R. (2005) Hormesis: how it could affect the risk assessment process. Human and Experimental Toxicology. 24, 365–270.
Clewell, H. (2005) Use of mode of action in risk assessment: past, present, and future. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 42, 3–14.
Feynman, R. P. (1999) There's plenty of room at the bottom. In: The Pleasure of Finding Things Out: The Best Short Works of Richard P. Feynman. Pages 117–140. Reprint of a talk delivered at Caltech in 1959.
Marchant, G. E. (2002) Toxicogenomics and toxic torts. TRENDS in Biotechnology. 20 (8), 329–332.
Meyer, O. (2003) Testing and assessment strategies, including alternative and new approaches. Toxicology Letters. 140–141, 21–30.
Obersdörster, G, et al. (2005) Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles. Environmental Health Perspectives. 113, 823–839.
Olson, H.et al. (2000) Concordance of the toxicity of pharmaceuticals in humans and animals. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 32, 56–67.
Renwick, A. G. (1993) Data-derived safety factors for the evaluation of food additives and environmental contaminants. Food Additives and Contaminants. 10, 275–305.
Rodricks, J. V. (2003) Approaches to risk assessment for macronutrients and amino acids. Journal of Nutrition. 133 (6), 2025(s)–2030(s).
Trubo, R. (2005) Endocrine-disrupting chemicals probed as potential pathways to illness. Journal of the American Medical Association. 294 (3), 291–294.
World Health Organization. (2002) Risk assessments for salmonella in eggs and broiler chickens. Geneva, World Health Organization.
Report on Carcinogens: Ninth Annual Report. (2000) Department of Health and Human, Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Research Triangle Park, North, Carolina.
Chapter 10
Rodricks, J. V. and Reith, S. H. (1998) Toxicological risk assessment in the courtroom. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 27, 21–31.
Chapters 11 and 12
Margolis, H. (1996) Dealing with Risk: Why the Public and Experts Disagree on Environmental Issues. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
Merrill, R. (2001) Regulatory toxicology, in Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. 6th edn. New York, McGraw Hill.
Rodricks, J. V. (2001) Some attributes of risk influencing decision-making by public health and regulatory officials. American Journal of Epidemiology. 154, S7–S12.
Slovic, P. (1986) Informing and educating the public about risk. Risk Analysis. 6, 403–415.
Thompson, K. M. (2004) Risk in Perspective: Insight and Humor in the Age of Risk Management. Newton Center, MA, AURM Publishers.
Wilson, R. and Crouch, A. C. (2001) Risk–Benefit Analysis. Cambridge, MA, Harvard Center for Risk Analysis.

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