Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2pzkn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-22T14:22:02.069Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hygiene and “The Indian Problem”: Ethnicity and Medicine in Bolivia, 1910–1920

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 October 2022

Ann Zulawski
Ann Zulawski*
Affiliation:
Smith College
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In the first decades of the twentieth century, Bolivian intellectuals and politicians debated how the country's Indian population should be incorporated into social and political life as the nation became increasingly integrated internally and forged stronger links to the world market. Public health was central to this discussion because of elite fears of contagion due to greater contact between Indians and non-Indians and the realization that if Indians were to be productive members of society, then their physical well-being had to be considered. This study examines the proposals of two Bolivian doctors, Jaime Mendoza and Nestor Morales, for improving the health of the native population in the context of the larger national debate about ethnicity and citizenship.

Type
Research Reports and Notes
Information
Latin American Research Review , Volume 35 , Issue 2 , 2000 , pp. 107 - 129
Copyright
Copyright © 2000 by the University of Texas Press

References

REFERENCES

AGUIRRE BELTRAN, GONZALO 1960 “Indigenismo y mestizaje: Una polaridad biocultural.” Cahiers d'Histoire Mondiale 6, no. 1:158–71.Google Scholar
ALVAREZ MAMANI, ANTONIO 1987 El camino perdido: Biografía del dirigente campesino kallawaya. La Paz: Servicios Múltiples de Tecnologías Apropriadas.Google Scholar
ARGUEDAS, ALCIDES 1910 Pueblo enfermo. Second edition. Barcelona: Casa Editorial de vda. de Luis Tasso.Google Scholar
ARGUEDAS, ALCIDES 1991 Pueblo enfermo. Third edition. La Paz: Juventud (originally published in 1936).Google Scholar
ARGUEDAS, ALCIDES n.d. Raza de bronce. La Paz: Los Tiempos y Los Amigos del Libro (first published in 1919).Google Scholar
ARNOLD, DAVID 1988 Imperial Medicine in Indigenous Societies. Manchester, Engl.: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
ARNOLD, DAVID 1993 Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-Century India. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
BALCAZAR, JUAN MANUEL 1956 La historia de la medicina en Bolivia. La Paz: Juventud.Google Scholar
CONDARCO MORALES, RAMIRO 1982 Zarate, el “temible” willka: Historia de la rebelión indígena de 1899 en la república de Bolivia. 2d ed. La Paz: Imprenta y Librería Renovación.Google Scholar
DEMELAS, MARIE DANIELLE 1981 “Darwinismo a la criolla: El darwinismo social en Bolivia, 1880–1910.” Historia Boliviana 1, no. 2:55–82.Google Scholar
DE LA CADENA, MARISOL 1991 “‘Las mujeres son más indias’: Etnicidad y género en una comunidad del Cusco.” Revista Andina 9, no. 1:7–47.Google Scholar
DOUGLAS, MARY 1992 Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
ECHEVARRIA, EVELIO 1977 “Panorama y bibliografía de la novela social boliviana.” Inter-American Review of Bibliography 27, no. 2:143–52.Google Scholar
GRAHAM, SANDRA LAUDERDALE 1992 House and Street: The Domestic World of Servants and Masters in Nineteenth-Century Rio de Janeiro. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
HALE, CHARLES 1989 The Transformation of Liberalism in Late-Nineteenth-Century Mexico. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
HUCKSTEP, R. L. 1962 Typhoid Fever and Other Salmonella Infections. Edinburgh and London: E & S Livingstone.Google Scholar
IRUROZQUI, MARTA 1994 La armonía de las desigualdades: Elites y conflictos de poder en Bolivia, 1880–1920. Madrid and Cuzco: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and the Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos Bartolomé de las Casas.Google Scholar
KLEIN, HERBERT S. 1992 Bolivia: The Evolution of a Multi-Ethnic Society. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
KNIGHT, ALAN 1990 “Racism, Revolution, and Indigenismo: Mexico, 1910–1940.” In The Idea of Race in Latin America, 1870–1940, edited by Graham, Richard, 71–113. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
LANDA, LUIS ISAAC L. 1929 Problemas políticas. Antofagasta, Chile: Imprenta Moderna.Google Scholar
LANGER, ERICK D. 1988 “El liberalimso y la abolición de la comunidad indígena en el siglo XIX.” Historia y Cultura 14:5–95.Google Scholar
LARSON, BROOKE 1998 “Race, Democracy, and the Politics of Indian Education in Bolivia: Crafting Neocolonial Modernity, 1900–1920.” Paper presented to the Latin American Studies Association, Chicago, 24–26 September.Google Scholar
LE BARON, CHARLES W., AND TAYLOR, DAVID W. 1993 “Typhoid Fever.” In The Cambridge World History of Human Disease, edited by Kiple, F., 1071–77. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
LOVE, JOSEPH, AND JACOBSEN, NILS 1988 Guiding the Invisible Hand: Economic Liberalism and the State in Latin American History. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
MACLEOD, ROY, AND LEWIS, MILTON, EDS. 1988 Disease, Medicine, and Empire: Perspectives on Western Medicine and the Experience of European Expansion. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
MAROF, TRISTAN 1926 La justicia del Inca. Brussels: Falk Fils.Google Scholar
MEADE, TERESA 1986 “Civilizing Rio de Janeiro: The Public Health Campaign and the Riot of 1904.” Journal of Social History 20, no. 2:301–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MENDOZA, JAIME 1936 Apuntes de un médico: Ensayos y semblanzas. Sucre: Escuela Tipográfica Salesiana.Google Scholar
MENDOZA, JAIME 1988 En las tierras del Potosí. La Paz: Los Tiempos y Los Amigos del Libro (originally published in 1911).Google Scholar
NAVARRE, ERNESTO 1925 La tuberculosis en el departamento de La Paz. La Paz: Imprenta Artística.Google Scholar
PEARD, JULYAN G. 1997 “Tropical Disorders and the Forging of a Brazilian Medical Identity, 1860–1890.” Hispanic American Historical Review 77, no. 1:1–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PEREZ, ELIZARDO 1992 Warisata: La Escuela-Ayllu. 2d ed. La Paz: Hisbol.Google Scholar
PLATT, TRISTAN 1984 “Liberalism and Ethnocide in the Southern Andes.” History Workshop 17:3–18.Google Scholar
PLATT, TRISTAN 1987 “The Andean Experience of Bolivian Liberalism, 1825–1900: Roots of Rebellion in 19th-Century Chayanta (Potosí).” In Resistance, Rebellion, and Consciousness in the Andean Peasant World, 18th to 20th Centuries, edited by Stern, Steve, 280–323. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
RAMA, ANGEL 1974 “El area cultural andino: Hispanismo, mesticismo, indigenismo.” Cuadernos Americanos, no. 196:136–73.Google Scholar
RANGER, T. O., AND SLACK, P., EDS. 1991 Epidemics and Ideas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
RENE-MORENO, GABRIEL 1960 Nicomedes Antelo. Santa Cruz, Bol.: Universidad Gabriel René-Moreno (originally published in 1901).Google Scholar
RIVERA, SILVIA 1986 Oprimidos pero no vencidos: Luchas del campesinado aymara y qhechwa, 1900–1980. La Paz: Hisbol.Google Scholar
SOCIEDAD BOLIVIANA DE SALUD PUBLICA 1989 Historia y perspectivas de la salud pública en Bolivia. La Paz: UNICEF, Organización Panamericana de la Salud, and the Organización Mundial de la Salud.Google Scholar
STEPAN, NANCY LEYS 1992 The Hour of Eugenics: Race, Gender, and Nation in Latin America. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TAMAYO, FRANZ 1975 La creación de una pedagogía nacional 3d ed. La Paz: Biblioteca del Sesquicentenario de la República (originally published in 1910).Google Scholar
VAUGHAN, MEGAN 1991 Curing Their IIIs: Colonial Power and African Illness. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
WILSON, LEONARD G. 1993 “Fevers.” In Companion Encyclopedia of the History of Medicine, edited by Bynum, W. F. and Porter, Roy, 401–6. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
WORBOYS, MICHAEL 1983 “The Emergence and Early Development of Parasitology.” In Parasitology: A Global Perspective, edited by Warren, Kenneth S. and Bowers, John Z., 1–18. New York: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar