Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pftt2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-14T12:08:52.330Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The mineralogy and crystal chemistry of alkaline pegmatites in the Larvik Plutonic Complex, Oslo rift valley, Norway. Part 1. Magmatic and secondary zircon: implications for petrogenesis from trace-element geochemistry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

P. C. Piilonen ,
A. M. McDonald ,
G. Poirier ,
R. Rowe  and
A. O. Larsen
P. C. Piilonen*
Affiliation:
Research Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada
A. M. McDonald
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
G. Poirier
Affiliation:
Research Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada
R. Rowe
Affiliation:
Research Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada
A. O. Larsen
Affiliation:
Statoil ASA, Research Centre Porsgrunn, Hydroveien 67, N-3908 Porsgrunn, Norway
*
E-mail: ppiilonen@mus-nature.ca
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A detailed electron microprobe (EMP) and laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) study of zircon from six types of miaskitic and agpaitic alkaline pegmatite from the Larvik Plutonic Complex, Oslo rift valley, Norway, was undertaken to shed light on the pegmatite petrogenesis. Detailed rare earth element (REE) analyses indicate important differences between the zircon from each type of pegmatite. Primary zircon from miaskitic Stavern-, Tvedalen- and Stålaker-type pegmatites has a mean ΣREE = 704 ppm, is depleted in LREE and has a significant positive Ce anomaly (Ce/Ce* = 44–67) and negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.15–0.18). Secondary Tvedalen-type zircon is REE-enriched (ΣREE = 5035 ppm), with a flatter REE pattern, Ce/Ce* = 0.97 and a Eu anomaly similar to primary Tvedalen-type zircon (Eu/Eu* = 0.21). Secondary zircon from agpaitic Langesundsfjord-type pegmatites display a distinctive flat REE pattern characterized by overall REE enrichment (ΣREE = 967), Ce/Ce* = 1.92, and a minor negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.37). Zircon from agpaitic Bratthagen-type pegmatites occurs as both altered primary and secondary phases and is strongly enriched in REE relative to other zircon (ΣREE = 4178 and 8388, respectively). Primary Bratthagen-type zircon has a similar REE pattern to miaskitic zircon, with a steeper HREE profile and smaller Ce and Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.73; Ce/Ce* = 6.22). Secondary Bratthagen-type zircon is strongly enriched in LREE compared to primary zircon, does not display a positive Ce anomaly and has Eu/Eu* = 0.56. The altered primary and secondary Bratthagen-type zircons have elevated Th/UN ratios, suggesting a different melt source for Bratthagen-type agpaitic pegmatites. Zircon from external pegmatites has trace-element signatures similar to Stavern-, Tvedalen- and Staålaker-type primary zircon with Ce/Ce* = 214 and Nb/Ta and Th/U ratios that are similar to those of secondary Langesundsfjord- and Bratthagen-type zircon. It is suggested that the parental melt of the external pegmatites is the same as the miaskitic pegmatites, but that it has undergone alteration by hydrothermal fluids derived from the host basalt, or by post-magmatic F-rich fluids which mobilize Nb and Th. On the basis of texture, morphology and geochemistry, two populations of zircon can be recognized: (1) primary zircon from miaskitic pegmatites; and (2) secondary zircon from post-magmatic, hydrothermal assemblages. The U–Th–Pb isotope analyses indicate that the secondary and altered zircon are depleted in 238U, and enriched in LREE. Interaction of a post-magmatic hydrothermal fluid with an externally derived meteoric fluid is suggested to have influenced the REE signatures, and in particular the Eu and Ce anomalies of the late-stage zircons.

Keywords

zirconalkaline pegmatitesREELarvikOslo RiftNorway
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 76 , Issue 3 , June 2012 , pp. 649 - 672
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aja, S.U., Wood, S.A. and Williams-Jones, A.E. (1995) The aqueous geochemistry of Zr and the solubility of some Zr-bearing minerals. Applie. Geochemistry, 10, 603—620 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, T., Erambert, M., Larsen, A.O. and Selbekk, R.S. (2010) Petrology of nepheline syenite pegmatites in the Oslo Rift, Norway: zirconium silicate mineral assemblages as indicators of alkalinity and volatile fugacity in mildly agpaitic magma. Journal of Petrology, 51, 2303—2325 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belousova, E.A., Griffin, W.L., óreilly, S.Y. and Fisher, N.I. (2002) Igneous zircon: trace element composition as an indicator of source rock type. Contributions to Mineralogy an. Petrology, 143, 602—622 Google Scholar
Brøgger, W.C. (1890) Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augitun d Ne phelinsyenite . Zeits chrift für Kristallographie, 16, 1—663 Google Scholar
Brookins, D.G. (1983) Eh-pH diagrams for the REE at 25ºC and 1 bar pressure. Geochemica. Journal, 17, 223—229 Google Scholar
Claoué-Long, J.C., King, R.W. and Kerrich, R. (1990) Archean hydrothermal zircon in the Abitibi greenstone belt: constraints on the timing of gold mineralization. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 98, 109—128 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corfu, F., Hanchar, J.M., Hoskin, P.W.O. and Kinny, P. (2003) Atlas of zircon textures. Pp. 469-500 in: Zircon (J.M. Hanchar and P.W.O. Hoskin, editors). Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 53. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington DC and the Geochemical Society, St Louis, Missouri, USA.Google Scholar
Dahlgren, S. (2010) The Larvik Plutonic Complex: The larvikite and nepheline syenite plutons and their pegmatites. Pp. 26-37 in: The Langesundsfjord. History, Geology, Pegmatites, Minerals (A.O. Larsen , editor ) . Bode Verlag GmhH, Salzhemmerdorf, Germany, 239 pp.Google Scholar
Dawson, J.B., Smith, J.V. and Steele, I.M. (1994) Trace element distribution between coexisting perovskite, apatite and titanite from Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania. Chemical Geology, 117, 285—290 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farges, F. and Rossano, S. (2000) Water in Zr-bearing synthetic and natural glasses. Europea. Journal of Mineralogy, 12, 1093—1107 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flowers, R.M. (2000) Structural and geochronological investigation of the Archean basement along the projection of the Vredefort discontinuity, Vredefort impact structure, Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.Google Scholar
Fowler, A., Prokoph, A., Stern, R. and Dupuis, C. (2002) Organization of oscillatory zoning in zircon: analysis, scaling, geochemistry, and model of a zircon from Kipawa, Quebec, Canada. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66, 311—328 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fu, B., Mernagh, T.P., Kita, N.T., Kemp, A.I.S. and Valley, J.W. (2009) Distinguishing magmatic zircon from hydrothermal zircon: a case study from the Gidginbung high-sulphidation Au-Ag-(Cu) deposit, SE Australia. Chemical Geology, 259, 131—142 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geisler, T., Schaltegger, U. and Tomaschek (2007) Reequilibration of zircon in aqueous fluids and melts. Elements, 3, 43—50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grieré, R. (1996) Formation of rare earth minerals in hydrothermal systems. Pp. 105-150 in: Rare Earth Minerals: Chemistry, Origin and Ore Deposits (A.P. Jones, F. Wall and C.T. Williams, editors). Mineralogical Society Series, 7. Chapman and Hall, London..Google Scholar
Hanchar, J.M., Finch, R.J., Hoskin, P.W.O., Watson, E.B., Cherniak, D.J. and Mariano, A.N. (2001) Rare earth elements in synthetic zircon: part I. Synthesis, and rare earth element and phosphorous doping. American Mineralogist, 86, 667—680 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinton, R.W. and Upton, B.G.J. (1991) The chemistry of zircon: variations within and between large crystals from syenite and alkali basalt xenoliths. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55, 3287—3302 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoskin, P.W.O. (2005) Trace-element composition of hydrothermal zircon and the alteration of Hadean zircon from the Jack Hills, Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69, 637—648 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoskin, P.W.O and Ireland, T.R. (2000) Rare earth element chemistry of zircon and its use as a provenance indicator. Geology, 28, 627—630 2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoskin, P.W.O. and Schaltegger, U. (2003) The composition of zircon and igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis. Pp. 2-62 in: Zircon (J.M. Hanchar and P.W.O. Hoskin, editors). Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 53. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington DC and the Geochemical Society, St Louis, Missouri, USA.Google Scholar
Keppler, H. (1993) Influence of fluorine on the enrichment of high field strength trace elements in granitic rocks. Contributions to Mineralogy an. Petrology, 114, 479—488 Google Scholar
Kerrich, R. and King, R. (1993) Hydrothermal zircon and baddeleyite in Val d’Or Archean mesothermal gold deposits: characteristics, compositions and fluid-inclusion properties, with implications for timing of primary gold mineralization. Canadian Journal of Eart. Sciences, 30, 2334—2352 Google Scholar
Khomyakov, A.P. (1995) Mineralogy of Hyperagpaitic Alkaline Rocks. Oxford Science Publications, Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Li, J., Shen, B., Mao, D., Li, S., Zhou, H. and Cheng, Y. (1997) Mineralization ages of the Jiapigou gold deposits, Jilin. Acta Geologic. Sinica, 71, 180—188 Google Scholar
London, D. (1992) The application of experimental petrology to the genesis and crystallization of granitic pegmatites. The Canadia. Mineralogist, 30, 499—540 Google Scholar
McDonough, W.F. and Sun. S.-S. (1995) The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology, 120, 223—253 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melluso, L., Srivastava, R.K., Guarino, V., Zanetti, A. and Sinha, A.K. (2010) Mineral compositions and petrogenetic evolution of the ultramafic–alkaline– carbonatitic complex of Sung Valley, northeastern India. The Canadia. Mineralogist, 48, 205—229 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, R.H. (1996) Perovskites: a revised classification scheme for an important rare earth element host in alkaline rocks. Pp. 41-76 in: Rare Earth Minerals: Chemistry, Origin and Ore Deposits (A.P. Jones, F. Wall and C.T. Williams, editors). Mineralogical Society Series, 7. Chapman and Hall, London.Google Scholar
Mueller, P.A., Wooden, J.L., Mogk, D.W., Nutman, A.P. and Williams, I.S. (1996) Extended history of a 3.5 Ga trondhjemitic gneiss, Wyoming Province, USA: evidence from U-Pb systematics in zircon. Precambrian Research, 78, 41—52 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neumann, E.-R. (1976) Compositional relations among pyroxenes, amphiboles and other mafic phases in the Oslo Region plutonic rocks. Lithos, 9, 85—109 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neumann, E.-R. (1980) Petrogenesis of the Oslo Region larvikites and associated rocks. Journal of Petrology, 21, 499—531 Google Scholar
Neumann, E.-R. (1994) The Oslo Rift: P-T relations and lithospheric structure. Tectonophysics, 240, 159—172 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neumann, E.-R., Olsen, K.H., Baldridge, W.S. and Sundvoll, B. (1992) The Oslo Rift: a review. Tectonophysics, 208, 1—18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramberg, I.B. (1976) Gravimetry interpretation of the Oslo Graben and associated igneous rocks. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Bulletin, 337, 55—73.Google Scholar
Pelleter, E., Cheilletz, A., Gasquet, D., Mouttaqi, A., Annich, M., El Hakourd, A., Deloule, E. and Féraude, G. (2007) Hydrothermal zircons: a tool for ion microprobe U-Pb dating of gold mineralization (Tamlalt-Menhouhou gold deposit - Morocco). Chemical Geology, 245, 135—161 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petersen, J.S. (1978) Structure of the Larvikite-Lardalite Complex, Oslo Region, Norway, and its evolution. Geologisch. Rundschau, 67, 330—342 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettke, T., Audetat, A., Schaltegger, U. and Heinrich, C.A. (2005) Magmatic-to-hydrothermal crystallization in the W-Sn mineralized Mole Granite (NSW, Australia) - Part II: evolving zircon and thorite trace element chemistry. Chemical Geology, 220, 191—213 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piilonen, P.C., Farges, F., Linnen, R.L., Brown, G.E., Pawlak, M. and Pratt, A. (2006) Structural environment of Nb5+ in dry and fluid-rich (H2O,F) silicate glasses: a combined XANES and EXAFS study. The Canadia. Mineralogist, 44, 775—794 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramezani, J., Dunning. G.R. and Wilson, M.R. (2000) Geologic setting, geochemistry of alteration and U-Pb age of hydrothermal zircon from the Silurian Stog’er Tight gold prospect, Newfoundland Appalachians, Canada. Exploration and Minin. Geology, 79, 171—188 Google Scholar
Rimsa, A., Johansson, L. and Whitehouse, M.J. (2007) Constraints of incipient charnockite formation from zircon geochronology and rare earth element characteristics. Contributions to Mineralogy an. Petrology, 154, 357—369 Google Scholar
Rowe, R. (2009) New statistical calibration approach for Bruker AXS D8 Discover microdiffractometer with Hi-Star detector using GADDS software. Powde. Diffraction, 24, 263—271 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubin, J.N., Henry, C.D. and Price, J.G. (1993) The mobility of zirconium and other ‘‘immobile’’ elements during hydrothermal alteration. Chemical Geology, 110, 29—47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salvi, S. and Williams-Jones, A.E. (1990) The role of hydrothermal processes in the granite-hosted Zr, Y, REE deposit at Strange Lake, Quebec/Labrador: evidence from fluid inclusions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54, 2403—2418 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segalstad, T.V. and Larsen, A.O. (1978) Gadolinite-(Ce) from Skien, southwestern Oslo region, Norway. America. Mineralogist, 63, 188—195 Google Scholar
Sinha, A.K., Wayne, D.M. and Hewitt, D.A. (1992) The hydrothermal stability of zircon: preliminary experimental isotopic studies. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56, 3551—3560 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundvoll, B. and Larsen, B.T. (1990) Rb-Sr isotope systematics in the magmatic rocks of the Oslo Rift. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Bulletin, 418, 27—48 Google Scholar
Sundvoll, B., Larsen, B.T. and Wandaas, B. (1992) Early magmatic phase in the Oslo Rift and its related stress regime. Tectonophysics, 240, 173—189 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sverjensky, D.A. (1984) Europium redox equilibria in aqueous solution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 67, 70—78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vavra, G. (1990) On the kinematics of zircon growth and its petrogenetic significance: a cathodoluminescence study. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 106, 90—99 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, E.B. (1979) Zircon saturation in felsic liquids: experimental results and applications to trace element geochemistry. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 70, 407—419 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, E.B. and Harrison, T.M. (1983) Zircon saturation revisited: temperature and composition effects in a variety of crustal magma types. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64, 295—304 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yeats, C.J., McNaughton, N.J. and Groves, D.I. (1996) SHRIMP U-Pb geochronological constraints on Archean volcanic-hosted massive sulphide and lode gold mineralization at Mount Gibson, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. Economic Geology, 91, 1354—1371 CrossRefGoogle Scholar