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TEMPERATE FOREST INSECT OUTBREAKS, TROPICAL DEFORESTATION AND MIGRATORY BIRDS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

C.S. Holling
C.S. Holling*
Affiliation:
Resource Ecology, University of British Columbia, 2204 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia,Canada V6T 1W5
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Abstract

Ecosystems that are managed for resource production are under continual structural change. Changes imposed by local management aggregate to produce regional patterns and new regionwide responses. Anthropogenic influences on hemispheric and global processes add another level of change. The result is a bewildering variety of real or anticipated changes unique to experience. For example, in the spruce/fir and budworm interaction of eastern North America, a syndrome of causes affects the vulnerability of renewable resources, and the triggers of change can never be predicted. Yet, it is possible to identify key features that affect resilience of ecosystems and robustness of regulation and to reject other possibilities. This approach provides a way to assign priorities for research and for contingency planning to adapt to change.

Résumé

Les écosystèmes aménagés en fonction de la production de ressources sont l'objet de constants changements structuraux. L'aménagement local impose des changements régionaux caractéristiques, tout en suscitant de nouvelles réponses régionales. L'influence humaine sur les méchanismes oeuvrant à l'échelle planétaire ajoute une nouvelle dimension à ces changements. Le tout résulte en une étonnante diversité de changements réels ou potentiels. L'utilisation du système sapin/épinette et tordeuse des bourgeons dans l'est de l'Amérique du Nord démontre qu'une approche causale influence la vulnérabilité des ressources renouvelables, et que les méchanismes déclencheurs de changements ne peuvent être prédits. Il est cependant possible d'identifier les facteurs-clés qui affectent la résilience et la robustesse des méchanismes régissant les écosystèmes et de rejeter différentes alternatives. Cette approche peut être utilisée pour déterminer les priorités de recherche et élaborer des plans de contingence, de façon à évaluer les capacités d'adaptation au changement des écosystèmes.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 120 , Supplement S146 , 1988 , pp. 21 - 32
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1988

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