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Nutritional and physiological role of medium-chain triglycerides and medium-chain fatty acids in piglets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2011

J. Zentek ,
S. Buchheit-Renko ,
F. Ferrara ,
W. Vahjen ,
A. G. Van Kessel  and
R. Pieper
J. Zentek*
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Brümmerstrasse 34, 14195 Berlin, Germany
S. Buchheit-Renko
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Brümmerstrasse 34, 14195 Berlin, Germany
F. Ferrara
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Brümmerstrasse 34, 14195 Berlin, Germany
W. Vahjen
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Brümmerstrasse 34, 14195 Berlin, Germany
A. G. Van Kessel
Affiliation:
Department for Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
R. Pieper
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Brümmerstrasse 34, 14195 Berlin, Germany
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: zentek.juergen@vetmed.fu-berlin.de
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Abstract

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are found at higher levels in milk lipids of many animal species and in the oil fraction of several plants, including coconuts, palm kernels and certain Cuphea species. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) and fatty acids are efficiently absorbed and metabolized and are therefore used for piglet nutrition. They may provide instant energy and also have physiological benefits beyond their energetic value contributing to several findings of improved performance in piglet-feeding trials. MCTs are effectively hydrolyzed by gastric and pancreatic lipases in the newborn and suckling young, allowing rapid provision of energy for both enterocytes and intermediary hepatic metabolism. MCFAs affect the composition of the intestinal microbiota and have inhibitory effects on bacterial concentrations in the digesta, mainly on Salmonella and coliforms. However, most studies have been performed in vitro up to now and in vivo data in pigs are still scarce. Effects on the gut-associated and general immune function have been described in several animal species, but they have been less studied in pigs. The addition of up to 8% of a non-esterified MCFA mixture in feed has been described, but due to the sensory properties this can have a negative impact on feed intake. This may be overcome by using MCTs, allowing dietary inclusion rates up to 15%. Feeding sows with diets containing 15% MCTs resulted in a lower mortality of newborns and better development, particularly of underweight piglets. In conclusion, MCFAs and MCTs offer advantages for the improvement of energy supply and performance of piglets and may stabilize the intestinal microbiota, expanding the spectrum of feed additives supporting piglet health in the post-weaning period.

Keywords

pigletsmedium-chain fatty acidsmedium-chain triglyceridesmetabolismantibacterial effectsimmune system
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 12 , Issue 1 , June 2011 , pp. 83 - 93
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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