2 results
Evaluation of indigenous and exotic soybean accessions for yield, resistance to frog-eye leaf spot and yellow mosaic virus diseases
- Anuradha Bhartiya, Vangala Rajesh, J. P. Aditya, Jeevan B., Sanjay Gupta, Lakshmi Kant, Hemlata Joshi, S. P. Mehtre, H. N. Devi, S. Jaybhay, M. K. Karnwal, Vennampally Nataraj, Nita Khandekar
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- Journal:
- Plant Genetic Resources / Volume 21 / Issue 6 / December 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 December 2023, pp. 513-519
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- Article
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Soybean is a major source of vegetable oil and protein worldwide. Globally, India is among the top five producers where soybean is a major oilseed grown under diverse agro-climatic conditions by small and marginal farmers. The present study aims to identify soybean varieties with higher yield levels, resistance to pestdiseases and adaptability to climatic fluctuations. One hundred and twenty-five (125) indigenous and exotic soybean germplasm accessions and five checks were evaluated and characterized for eight agro-morphological traits at five testing locations and also screened for frog-eye leaf spot (FLS) and yellow mosaic virus (YMV) diseases under hot-spot locations during the rainy season. A wide range of variability was observed among accessions for days to 50% flowering (39–59), plant height (41–111 cm), number of nodes/plant (10–30), pod clusters/plant (14–39), number of pods/plant (40–102), days to maturity (96–115), grain yield/plant (4.89–16.54 g) and 100-seed weight (6.02–13.72 g). Among various traits, 100-seed weight (0.45), number of pods/plant (0.60) and number of pod clusters/plant (0.38) were found to be major yield-contributing traits as they exhibited highly significant correlation with grain yield/plant. Principal components PCI and PCII with eigen value >1 accounted for 42.66 and 27.08% of the total variation, respectively. Accessions G24 (EC 393222) from Taiwan and G40 (IMP-1) from the USA belonging to cluster IV were found promising for multiple yield traits and JS 20–38 from cluster III for earliness as per cluster analysis. GGE biplot average environment coordination (AEC) view revealed that the accessions viz., G11 (EC 333872), G2 (EC 251506) and G47 (TNAU-S-55) were the best performing stable genotypes in terms of grain yield/plant across locations. Twelve accessions had a high level of resistance against both FLS and YMV diseases under natural hot-spot conditions which can be utilized as promising donors in the soybean breeding programme.
3 - COMMON FUNGAL INFECTIONS
- from PART 1 - COMMON INFECTIONS
- Edited by John C. Hall, University of Missouri, Kansas City
- Brian J. Hall
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- Book:
- Skin Infections
- Published online:
- 08 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 April 2009, pp 42-56
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- Chapter
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Summary
HISTORY
Fungal organisms have a long history of human infection. The “tinea” infections have historically been refered to as “ringworm”, because of the presentation of lesions as circular or oval areas of clearing within a red, scaly, elevated “ring”. It has only been with the developments in science and medicine in the industrial age that the causal agents were recognized as being microscopic fungi. Taxonomy has only distinguished the dermatophyte organisms most frequently associated with fungal infection (Trichophyton sp., Microsporum sp. and Epidermophyton sp.) since 1934.
In 1958 the first effective oral antifungal agent, griseofulvin, was developed. Following the success of griseofulvin, other oral medications continued to be researched. Ketoconazole was the next major antifungal agent, released in the United States in 1981, followed by fluconazole, terbinafine, and itraconazole within the next decade. These medications are typically classified as azoles (itraconazole, fluconazole, intraconazole, oxiconazole, spectozole, sertaconazole, chlotrimazole, miconazole, bifonazole, sulconazole, ketoconazole) or allylamines (terbinafine, butenafine, naftifine).
Besides the common dermatophyte infections, superficial fungal infections may also result from the Malassezia species of yeast. Malassezia was first recognized as a pathogen in 1846; however, laboratory culture was unsuccessful until 1927, when the lipid requirement of the species was recognized. Initially only two species under the genus name Pityrosporum were described, and only three species were recognized as of 1970.