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Identifying Deficiencies in National and Foreign Medical Team Responses Through Expert Opinion Surveys: Implications for Education and Training
- Ahmadreza Djalali, Pier Luigi Ingrassia, Francesco Della Corte, Marco Foletti, Alba Ripoll Gallardo, Luca Ragazzoni, Kubilay Kaptan, Olivera Lupescu, Chris Arculeo, Gotz von Arnim, Tom Friedl, Michael Ashkenazi, Deike Heselmann, Boris Hreckovski, Amir Khorrram-Manesh, Radko Komadina, Kostanze Lechner, Cristina Patru, Frederick M. Burkle, Jr., Philipp Fisher
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- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 29 / Issue 4 / August 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 June 2014, pp. 364-368
- Print publication:
- August 2014
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Introduction
Unacceptable practices in the delivery of international medical assistance are reported after every major international disaster; this raises concerns about the clinical competence and practice of some foreign medical teams (FMTs). The aim of this study is to explore and analyze the opinions of disaster management experts about potential deficiencies in the art and science of national and FMTs during disasters and the impact these opinions might have on competency-based education and training.
MethodThis qualitative study was performed in 2013. A questionnaire-based evaluation of experts’ opinions and experiences in responding to disasters was conducted. The selection of the experts was done using the purposeful sampling method, and the sample size was considered by data saturation. Content analysis was used to explore the implications of the data.
ResultsThis study shows that there is a lack of competency-based training for disaster responders. Developing and performing standardized training courses is influenced by shortcomings in budget, expertise, and standards. There is a lack of both coordination and integration among teams and their activities during disasters. The participants of this study emphasized problems concerning access to relevant resources during disasters.
ConclusionThe major findings of this study suggest that teams often are not competent during the response phase because of education and training deficiencies. Foreign medical teams and medically related nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) do not always provide expected capabilities and services. Failures in leadership and in coordination among teams are also a problem. All deficiencies need to be applied to competency-based curricula.
,Djalali A ,Ingrassia PL ,Della Corte F ,Foletti M ,Ripoll Gallardo A ,Ragazzoni L ,Kaptan K ,Lupescu O ,Arculeo C ,von Arnim G ,Friedl T ,Ashkenazi M ,Heselmann D ,Hreckovski B ,Khorrram-Manesh A ,Komadina R ,Lechner K ,Patru C ,Burkle FM Jr. .Fisher P Identifying Deficiencies in National and Foreign Medical Team Responses Through Expert Opinion Surveys: Implications for Education and Training . Prehosp Disaster Med.2014 ;29 (4 ):1 -5 .
Education and Training Initiatives for Crisis Management in the European Union: A Web-based Analysis of Available Programs
- Pier Luigi Ingrassia, Marco Foletti, Ahmadreza Djalali, Piercarlo Scarone, Luca Ragazzoni, Francesco Della Corte, Kubilay Kaptan, Olivera Lupescu, Chris Arculeo, Gotz von Arnim, Tom Friedl, Michael Ashkenazi, Deike Heselmann, Boris Hreckovski, Amir Khorrram-Manesh, Radko Komadina, Kostanze Lechner, Cristina Patru, Frederick M. Burkle, Jr., Philipp Fisher
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- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 29 / Issue 2 / April 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 March 2014, pp. 115-126
- Print publication:
- April 2014
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Introduction
Education and training are key elements of disaster management. Despite national and international educational programs in disaster management, there is no standardized curriculum available to guide the European Union (EU) member states. European- based Disaster Training Curriculum (DITAC), a multiple university-based project financially supported by the EU, is charged with developing a holistic and highly-structured curriculum and courses for responders and crisis managers at a strategic and tactical level. The purpose of this study is to qualitatively assess the prevailing preferences and characteristics of disaster management educational and training initiatives (ETIs) at a postgraduate level that currently exist in the EU countries.
MethodsAn Internet-based qualitative search was conducted in 2012 to identify and analyze the current training programs in disaster management. The course characteristics were evaluated for curriculum, teaching methods, modality of delivery, target groups, and funding.
ResultsThe literature search identified 140 ETIs, the majority (78%) located in United Kingdom, France, and Germany. Master level degrees were the primary certificates granted to graduates. Face-to-face education was the most common teaching method (84%). Approximately 80% of the training initiatives offered multi- and cross-disciplinary disaster management content. A competency-based approach to curriculum content was present in 61% of the programs. Emergency responders at the tactical level were the main target group. Almost all programs were self-funded.
ConclusionAlthough ETIs currently exist, they are not broadly available in all 27 EU countries. Also, the curricula do not cover all key elements of disaster management in a standardized and competency-based structure. This study has identified the need to develop a standardized competency-based educational and training program for all European countries that will ensure the practice and policies that meet both the standards of care and the broader expectations for professionalization of the disaster and crisis workforce.
. ,Ingrassia PL ,Foletti M ,Djalali A ,Scarone P ,Ragazzoni L ,Della Corte F ,Kaptan K ,Lupescu O ,Arculeo C ,von Arnim G ,Friedl T ,Ashkenazi M ,Heselmann D ,Hreckovski B ,Khorrram-Manesh A ,Komadina R ,Lechner K ,Patru C ,Burkle FM Jr. .Fisher P Education and Training Initiatives for Crisis Management in the European Union: A Web-based Analysis of Available Programs . Prehosp Disaster Med.2014 ;29 (2 ):1 -12