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23 - Evolution of the tobamoviruses
- Edited by Adrian J. Gibbs, Australian National University, Canberra, Charles H. Calisher, Colorado State University, Fernando García-Arenal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
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- Book:
- Molecular Basis of Virus Evolution
- Published online:
- 04 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 19 October 1995, pp 338-350
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- Chapter
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Summary
Introduction
The tobamovirus group of plant viruses has 12 recognized members (Francki et al., 1991) sharing the following characteristics: infective particles are very stable, rigid rods, of about 300 × 18 nm, with a sedimentation coefficient of 190 S; each particle is built of about 2000 protein subunits of a single molecular species (Mr 17–18 × 103), helically (pitch 2.3 nm) arranged together with a monopartite, single-stranded, genomic RNA (Mr 2 × 106, or ∼ 6.5 kb) of messenger polarity.
The genomic RNA (gRNA) encodes at least four proteins: gRNA is the mRNA for a 126 kD protein (126 K), whose open reading frame (ORF) initiates 60-71 nt from the capped 5′ end, and for a readthrough protein of 183 kD (183 K). Both the 126 K and the 183 K are required for viral RNA replication, and found in them are consensus sequences for methyltransferases and helicases in the 126 K and for RNA-polymerases, in the 54 kD (54 K) readthrough portion of the 183 K. A third ORF encodes a 30 kD protein (MP), required for the cell-to-cell movement of the virus in the plant; the fourth ORF encodes the coat protein (CP). To the 3′ side of the CP ORF, there is a non-coding region (3′ ncr) 179-414 nt long, that may adopt a tRNA-like configuration and can be amino-acylated, for most tobamoviruses, with histidine. Both MP, CP (and perhaps the 54 K readthrough part of the 183 K), are translated from 3′ -coterminal subgenomic RNAs produced during replication.