3 results
Phenotypic characterization of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) revealed promising genotypes for moisture stress conditions
- P. Lora Anusha, P. Ratnakumar, B. B. Pandey, P. Sandhya Rani, V. Umamahesh, M. Reddi Sekhar, V. Chandrika, Praduman Yadav, S. Mohapatra, D. Padmaja
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- Journal:
- Plant Genetic Resources / Volume 21 / Issue 3 / June 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 September 2023, pp. 218-228
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- Article
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Soil moisture deficit is the major constraint for sesame crop production during its main rainfed and summer cultivation seasons. In summer cultivation, the crop frequently gets exposed to soil moisture deficit at various crop growth stages. Therefore, it is essential to identify the traits along with promising genotypes adapted to soil moisture deficit. A set of 35 sesame genotypes with checks was used to quantify the variation in morpho-physiological, yield, and quality traits under irrigated (WW) and deficit soil moisture stress (WS) conditions in the summer seasons of 2021 and 2022. The analysis of variance revealed the presence of high variability among the genotypes for various measured traits. The mean performance indicated that WS negatively affects the growth, development, yield and quality traits. Moreover, the correlation, path analysis and D2 analysis studies suggested that the traits, viz. leaf area (LA), total dry matter (TDM), canopy temperature (CT), number of branches per plant (NBP) and number of seeds per capsule (NSC) were significantly associated with seed yield under both the conditions. Quality traits like palmitic acid and oleic acid correlated positively with seed yield, particularly under WS. Furthermore, the genotypes with lower canopy temperatures were found to be better seed yielders under WS. In addition, mean performance and cluster analysis suggested that the genotypes: IC- 205776, JSCDT-112, JCSDT-26, IC-205610, and IC-204300, secured higher seed yield along with superior agronomical traits and net photosynthetic rate. These selected genotypes were most promising and could be used in future sesame crop improvement programmes.
Contributors
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- By Lenard A. Adler, Pinky Agarwal, Rehan Ahmed, Jagga Rao Alluri, Fawaz Al-Mufti, Samuel Alperin, Michael Amoashiy, Michael Andary, David J. Anschel, Padmaja Aradhya, Vandana Aspen, Esther Baldinger, Jee Bang, George D. Baquis, John J. Barry, Jason J. S. Barton, Julius Bazan, Amanda R. Bedford, Marlene Behrmann, Lourdes Bello-Espinosa, Ajay Berdia, Alan R. Berger, Mark Beyer, Don C. Bienfang, Kevin M. Biglan, Thomas M. Boes, Paul W. Brazis, Jonathan L. Brisman, Jeffrey A. Brown, Scott E. Brown, Ryan R. Byrne, Rina Caprarella, Casey A. Chamberlain, Wan-Tsu W. Chang, Grace M. Charles, Jasvinder Chawla, David Clark, Todd J. Cohen, Joe Colombo, Howard Crystal, Vladimir Dadashev, Sarita B. Dave, Jean Robert Desrouleaux, Richard L. Doty, Robert Duarte, Jeffrey S. Durmer, Christyn M. Edmundson, Eric R. Eggenberger, Steven Ender, Noam Epstein, Alberto J. Espay, Alan B. Ettinger, Niloofar (Nelly) Faghani, Amtul Farheen, Edward Firouztale, Rod Foroozan, Anne L. Foundas, David Elliot Friedman, Deborah I. Friedman, Steven J. Frucht, Oded Gerber, Tal Gilboa, Martin Gizzi, Teneille G. Gofton, Louis J. Goodrich, Malcolm H. Gottesman, Varda Gross-Tsur, Deepak Grover, David A. Gudis, John J. Halperin, Maxim D. Hammer, Andrew R. Harrison, L. Anne Hayman, Galen V. Henderson, Steven Herskovitz, Caitlin Hoffman, Laryssa A. Huryn, Andres M. Kanner, Gary P. Kaplan, Bashar Katirji, Kenneth R. Kaufman, Annie Killoran, Nina Kirz, Gad E. Klein, Danielle G. Koby, Christopher P. Kogut, W. Curt LaFrance, Patrick J.M. Lavin, Susan W. Law, James L. Levenson, Richard B. Lipton, Glenn Lopate, Daniel J. Luciano, Reema Maindiratta, Robert M. Mallery, Georgios Manousakis, Alan Mazurek, Luis J. Mejico, Dragana Micic, Ali Mokhtarzadeh, Walter J. Molofsky, Heather E. Moss, Mark L. Moster, Manpreet Multani, Siddhartha Nadkarni, George C. Newman, Rolla Nuoman, Paul A. Nyquist, Gaia Donata Oggioni, Odi Oguh, Denis Ostrovskiy, Kristina Y. Pao, Juwen Park, Anastas F. Pass, Victoria S. Pelak, Jeffrey Peterson, John Pile-Spellman, Misha L. Pless, Gregory M. Pontone, Aparna M. Prabhu, Michael T. Pulley, Philip Ragone, Prajwal Rajappa, Venkat Ramani, Sindhu Ramchandren, Ritesh A. Ramdhani, Ramses Ribot, Heidi D. Riney, Diana Rojas-Soto, Michael Ronthal, Daniel M. Rosenbaum, David B. Rosenfield, Durga Roy, Michael J. Ruckenstein, Max C. Rudansky, Eva Sahay, Friedhelm Sandbrink, Jade S. Schiffman, Angela Scicutella, Maroun T. Semaan, Robert C. Sergott, Aashit K. Shah, David M. Shaw, Amit M. Shelat, Claire A. Sheldon, Anant M. Shenoy, Yelizaveta Sher, Jessica A. Shields, Tanya Simuni, Rajpaul Singh, Eric E. Smouha, David Solomon, Mehri Songhorian, Steven A. Sparr, Egilius L. H. Spierings, Eve G. Spratt, Beth Stein, S.H. Subramony, Rosa Ana Tang, Cara Tannenbaum, Hakan Tekeli, Amanda J. Thompson, Michael J. Thorpy, Matthew J. Thurtell, Pedro J. Torrico, Ira M. Turner, Scott Uretsky, Ruth H. Walker, Deborah M. Weisbrot, Michael A. Williams, Jacques Winter, Randall J. Wright, Jay Elliot Yasen, Shicong Ye, G. Bryan Young, Huiying Yu, Ryan J. Zehnder
- Edited by Alan B. Ettinger, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, Deborah M. Weisbrot, State University of New York, Stony Brook
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- Book:
- Neurologic Differential Diagnosis
- Published online:
- 05 June 2014
- Print publication:
- 17 April 2014, pp xi-xx
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7 - Dryland Agriculture in Asia: Ideas, Paradigms, and Policies
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- By William D. Dar, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, M.C.S. Bantilan, Global Theme on Institutions, Markets, Policy, and Impacts of International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), P. Anand Babu, Global Theme on Institutions, Markets, Policy, and Impacts of International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), G.V. Anupama, Global Theme on Institutions, Markets, Policy, and Impacts of International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), H. Deepthi, Global Theme on Institutions, Markets, Policy, and Impacts of International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), R. Padmaja, Global Theme on Institutions, Markets, Policy, and Impacts of International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
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- Book:
- Reasserting the Rural Development Agenda
- Published by:
- ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute
- Published online:
- 21 October 2015
- Print publication:
- 04 July 2007, pp 191-226
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Summary
Introduction
Dryland ecosystems, where most of the world's poor live, are characterised by extreme rainfall variability, recurrent but unpredictable droughts, high temperatures and low soil fertility. The underdevelopment in the dryland1 region of Asia reflects the pervasiveness of poverty, as demonstrated by continuing concerns about malnutrition, migration due to frequent droughts, growing constraints of the natural resource base (water scarcity and land degradation), lack of infrastructure, poor dissemination of improved technologies and effects of government policies, and further economic liberalisation (GT-SAT Futures 2002). Dryland areas indeed present significant constraints to intensive agriculture.
The Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s — with its package of improved seeds and chemical fertilisers, and enhanced farm technology and irrigation — successfully attained its primary objective of increasing crop yields and augmenting aggregate food supplies. In Asia, where the package was most widely adopted, food production increased substantially during those decades. Despite its success in increasing aggregate food supply, the Green Revolution as a development approach has not necessarily translated into benefits for the lower strata of the rural poor in terms of greater food security or greater economic opportunity and well-being. Moreover, vast expanses of dryland regions were bypassed by the Green Revolution. They had failed to attract commercial investments in agricultural technology due to small or non-existent markets.
Development planners and policymakers are now increasingly eyeing the hitherto less-favoured dryland regions, where agricultural transformation is yet to take off. Due to issues of equity, efficiency and sustainability, the need to improve the productivity of dryland agriculture has become more compelling, given that the growth opportunities in irrigated areas are being exhausted.
This paper summarises the major challenges in achieving food security, income growth, poverty reduction and environmental sustainability for the dryland regions of Asia. It also identifies future strategies and priorities as it highlights emerging issues that threaten the sustainability of dryland agriculture and future sources of growth.
The next section presents an overview of the dynamics of dryland agriculture. It is followed by an analysis of the persistent challenges facing it, and identifies opportunities such as agricultural diversification, trade liberalisation, the commercial orientation of agriculture, and institutional innovations. Finally, implications for policy, research priorities and development pathways are drawn, followed by a vision for Asian dryland agriculture.