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Effects of reproductive interference on the competitive displacement between two invasive whiteflies
- Di-Bing Sun, Jie Li, Yin-Quan Liu, David W. Crowder, Shu-Sheng Liu
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- Journal:
- Bulletin of Entomological Research / Volume 104 / Issue 3 / June 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 February 2014, pp. 334-346
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Reproductive interference is one of the major factors mediating species exclusion among insects. The cryptic species Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED) of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci complex have invaded many parts of the world and often exhibit niche overlap and reproductive interference. However, contrasting patterns of competitive displacement between the two invaders have been observed between regions such as those in USA and China. Understanding the roles of reproductive interference in competitive interactions between populations of the two species in different regions will help unravel other factors related to their invasion. We integrated laboratory population experiments, behavioural observations and simulation modelling to investigate the role of reproductive interference on species exclusion between MEAM1 and MED in China. In mixed cohorts of the two species MEAM1 always excluded MED in a few generations when the initial proportion of MEAM1 was ⩾0.25. Even when the initial proportion of MEAM1 was only 0.10, however, MEAM1 still had a higher probability of excluding MED than that for MED to exclude MEAM1. Importantly, we show that as MEAM1 increased in relative abundance, MED populations became increasingly male-biased. Detailed behavioural observations confirmed that MEAM1 showed a stronger reproductive interference than MED, leading to reduced frequency of copulation and female progeny production in MED. Using simulation modelling, we linked our behavioural observations with exclusion experiments to show that interspecific asymmetric reproductive interference predicts the rate of species exclusion of MED by MEAM1. These findings not only reveal the importance of reproductive interference in the competitive interactions between the two invasive whiteflies as well as the detailed behavioural mechanisms, but also provide a valuable framework against which the effects of other factors mediating species exclusion can be explored.
Chapter Twenty-Three - Natural enemy functional identity, trait-mediated interactions and biological control
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- By Tobin D. Northfield, Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, David W. Crowder, Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Randa Jabbour, Department of Plant, University of Maine, William E. Snyder, Department of Entomology, Washington State University
- Edited by Takayuki Ohgushi, Kyoto University, Japan, Oswald Schmitz, Yale University, Connecticut, Robert D. Holt, University of Florida
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- Book:
- Trait-Mediated Indirect Interactions
- Published online:
- 05 February 2013
- Print publication:
- 06 December 2012, pp 450-465
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Summary
Introduction
Functional diversity schemes: are they useful?
Recent years have seen great interest in the importance of species richness for the functioning and stability of ecological communities (Ives and Carpenter 2007). Empirical examinations of richness effects typically vary the number of species in experimental treatments and measure resulting ecosystem functions such as biomass accumulation or resource uptake (Naeem et al. 2009). Across trophic levels and communities of many types, a clear pattern has emerged from these experiments: community processes (biomass accumulation, resource uptake, etc.) generally become more efficient when more species are present (Hooper et al. 2005; Cardinale et al. 2006). This pattern is generally attributed to resource partitioning among species, where species differ in ecologically significant ways such that they complement one another (Hooper et al. 2005). For example, in English meadow communities multiple plant species coexist, because different plant species exploit different hydrological conditions (Silvertown et al. 1999). The plants that dominate drought-prone areas are different from those that thrive in flood-prone areas and, presumably, total plant biomass is greatest when both plant groups (drought tolerant and flood tolerant) are present.
A remaining challenge is to effectively predict, a priori, the particular species (or groups of species) that will complement one another. One simplifying scheme that has received considerable attention is the lumping of species into ‘functional groups’. In this functional-group approach, species within a group are relatively similar to one another, and considered ecologically redundant, whereas species in different groups are distinct and complementary (Hillebrand and Matthiessen 2009). This approach gained support from studies suggesting that plant species can be classified into such functional groups (grasses, forbs, legumes and woody plants), and that the number of functional groups is a more effective predictor of ecosystem function than species richness (Diaz and Cabido 2001). For example, in savannah grasslands, plant communities that included C3 grasses, C4 grasses, forbs, legumes and woody plants had greater biomass and plant nitrogen accumulation, and reduced light penetration, than those communities lacking one or more of these groups (Tilman et al. 1997). These authors suggested that competition was greater within than between functional groups, consistent with niche similarity within, but niche differentiation among, groups.
Contributors
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- By Waiel Almoustadi, Brian J. Anderson, David B. Auyong, Michael Avidan, Michael J. Avram, Roland J. Bainton, Jeffrey R. Balser, Juliana Barr, W. Scott Beattie, Manfred Blobner, T. Andrew Bowdle, Walter A. Boyle, Eugene B. Campbell, Laura F. Cavallone, Mario Cibelli, C. Michael Crowder, Ola Dale, M. Frances Davies, Mark Dershwitz, George Despotis, Clifford S. Deutschman, Brian S. Donahue, Marcel E. Durieux, Thomas J. Ebert, Talmage D. Egan, Helge Eilers, E. Wesley Ely, Charles W. Emala, Alex S. Evers, Heidrun Fink, Pierre Foëx, Stuart A. Forman, Helen F. Galley, Josephine M. Garcia-Ferrer, Robert W. Gereau, Tony Gin, David Glick, B. Joseph Guglielmo, Dhanesh K. Gupta, Howard B. Gutstein, Robert G. Hahn, Greg B. Hammer, Brian P. Head, Helen Higham, Laureen Hill, Kirk Hogan, Charles W. Hogue, Christopher G. Hughes, Eric Jacobsohn, Roger A. Johns, Dean R. Jones, Max Kelz, Evan D. Kharasch, Ellen W. King, W. Andrew Kofke, Tom C. Krejcie, Richard M. Langford, H. T. Lee, Isobel Lever, Jerrold H. Levy, J. Lance Lichtor, Larry Lindenbaum, Hung Pin Liu, Geoff Lockwood, Alex Macario, Conan MacDougall, M. B. MacIver, Aman Mahajan, Nándor Marczin, J. A. Jeevendra Martyn, George A. Mashour, Mervyn Maze, Thomas McDowell, Stuart McGrane, Berend Mets, Patrick Meybohm, Charles F. Minto, Jonathan Moss, Mohamed Naguib, Istvan Nagy, Nick Oliver, Paul S. Pagel, Pratik P. Pandharipande, Piyush Patel, Andrew J. Patterson, Robert A. Pearce, Ronald G. Pearl, Misha Perouansky, Kristof Racz, Chinniampalayam Rajamohan, Nilesh Randive, Imre Redai, Stephen Robinson, Richard W. Rosenquist, Carl E. Rosow, Uwe Rudolph, Francis V. Salinas, Robert D. Sanders, Sunita Sastry, Michael Schäfer, Jens Scholz, Thomas W. Schnider, Mark A. Schumacher, John W. Sear, Frédérique S. Servin, Jeffrey H. Silverstein, Tom De Smet, Martin Smith, Joe Henry Steinbach, Markus Steinfath, David F. Stowe, Gary R. Strichartz, Michel M. R. F. Struys, Isao Tsuneyoshi, Robert A. Veselis, Arthur Wallace, Robert P. Walt, David C. Warltier, Nigel R. Webster, Jeanine Wiener-Kronish, Troy Wildes, Paul Wischmeyer, Ling-Gang Wu, Stephen Yang
- Edited by Alex S. Evers, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mervyn Maze, University of California, San Francisco, Evan D. Kharasch, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis
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- Book:
- Anesthetic Pharmacology
- Published online:
- 11 April 2011
- Print publication:
- 10 March 2011, pp viii-xiv
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