2 results
Characteristics of healthcare personnel with SARS-CoV-2 infection: 10 emerging infections program sites in the United States, April 2020–December 2021
- Nora Chea, Taniece Eure, Rebecca Alkis Ramirez, Maria Zlotorzynska, Gregory T. Blazek, Joelle Nadle, Jane Lee, Christopher A. Czaja, Helen Johnston, Devra Barter, Melissa Kellogg, Catherine Emanuel, James Meek, Monica Brackney, Stacy Carswell, Stepy Thomas, Scott K. Fridkin, Lucy E. Wilson, Rebecca Perlmutter, Kaytlynn Marceaux-Galli, Ashley Fell, Sara Lovett, Sarah Lim, Ruth Lynfield, Sarah Shrum Davis, Erin C. Phipps, Marla Sievers, Ghinwa Dumyati, Christopher Myers, Christine Hurley, Erin Licherdell, Rebecca Pierce, Valerie L. S. Ocampo, Eric W. Hall, Christopher Wilson, Cullen Adre, Erika Kirtz, Tiffanie M. Markus, Kathryn Billings, Ian D Plumb, Glen R. Abedi, Jade James-Gist, Shelley S. Magill, Cheri T. Grigg
-
- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , First View
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 May 2024, pp. 1-9
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
Background:
Understanding characteristics of healthcare personnel (HCP) with SARS-CoV-2 infection supports the development and prioritization of interventions to protect this important workforce. We report detailed characteristics of HCP who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from April 20, 2020 through December 31, 2021.
Methods:CDC collaborated with Emerging Infections Program sites in 10 states to interview HCP with SARS-CoV-2 infection (case-HCP) about their demographics, underlying medical conditions, healthcare roles, exposures, personal protective equipment (PPE) use, and COVID-19 vaccination status. We grouped case-HCP by healthcare role. To describe residential social vulnerability, we merged geocoded HCP residential addresses with CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) values at the census tract level. We defined highest and lowest SVI quartiles as high and low social vulnerability, respectively.
Results:Our analysis included 7,531 case-HCP. Most case-HCP with roles as certified nursing assistant (CNA) (444, 61.3%), medical assistant (252, 65.3%), or home healthcare worker (HHW) (225, 59.5%) reported their race and ethnicity as either non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic. More than one third of HHWs (166, 45.2%), CNAs (283, 41.7%), and medical assistants (138, 37.9%) reported a residential address in the high social vulnerability category. The proportion of case-HCP who reported using recommended PPE at all times when caring for patients with COVID-19 was lowest among HHWs compared with other roles.
Conclusions:To mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in healthcare settings, infection prevention, and control interventions should be specific to HCP roles and educational backgrounds. Additional interventions are needed to address high social vulnerability among HHWs, CNAs, and medical assistants.
14 - Modelling of subaerial jökulhlaups in Iceland
- Edited by Devon M. Burr, University of Tennessee, Paul A. Carling, University of Southampton, Victor R. Baker, University of Arizona
-
- Book:
- Megaflooding on Earth and Mars
- Published online:
- 04 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 24 September 2009, pp 265-272
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Summary
The flow of subaerial jökulhlaups is in principle similar to other subaerial water floods, such as dam-break floods, although some jökulhlaups may carry so much suspended sediment and ice fragments that they would be more appropriately described as rapidly flowing debris flows or lahars. Many subaerial jökulhlaups start out as subglacial floods and propagate as subaerial floods below an outlet at the glacier terminus. Other jökulhlaups, in particular many outburst floods caused by volcanic eruptions, lead to a partial or almost complete breakup of the glacier along the flow path and become subaerial after flowing only a short distance subglacially. The dynamics of the subaerial part of jökulhlaups differs fundamentally from the dynamics of the part of the flood that flows along the bed of the glacier or ice cap. The estimated discharge of jökulhlaups observed at many locations in Iceland during the twentieth century ranges from 0.1 to 300 × 103 m3 s−1 and prehistoric jökulhlaups have been estimated to have reached on the order of 106 m3 s−1. The subaerial propagation of jökulhlaups can cause widespread damage to buildings, roads, communication lines and farmland. Two-dimensional numerical modelling, based on a depth-integrated formulation of the dynamics of shallow water flow, has been used to study the flow of subaerial jökulhlaups at four locations in Iceland, two of which are described in this chapter. Model results include estimates of travel times, the most probable flood routes and the extent of lowland areas that might be flooded.