2 results
A symptom profile of depression among Asian Americans: is there evidence for differential item functioning of depressive symptoms?
- Z. Kalibatseva, F. T. L. Leong, E. H. Ham
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 44 / Issue 12 / September 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 February 2014, pp. 2567-2578
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- Article
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Background
Theoretical and clinical publications suggest the existence of cultural differences in the expression and experience of depression. Measurement non-equivalence remains a potential methodological explanation for the lower prevalence of depression among Asian Americans compared to European Americans.
MethodThis study compared DSM-IV depressive symptoms among Asian Americans and European Americans using secondary data analysis of the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used for the assessment of depressive symptoms. Of the entire sample, 310 Asian Americans and 1974 European Americans reported depressive symptoms and were included in the analyses. Measurement variance was examined with an item response theory differential item functioning (IRT DIF) analysis.
Resultsχ2 analyses indicated that, compared to Asian Americans, European American participants more frequently endorsed affective symptoms such as ‘feeling depressed’, ‘feeling discouraged’ and ‘cried more often’. The IRT analysis detected DIF for four out of the 15 depression symptom items. At equal levels of depression, Asian Americans endorsed feeling worthless and appetite changes more easily than European Americans, and European Americans endorsed feeling nervous and crying more often than Asian Americans.
ConclusionsAsian Americans did not seem to over-report somatic symptoms; however, European Americans seemed to report more affective symptoms than Asian Americans. The results suggest that there was measurement variance in a few of the depression items.
3 - Patterns
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- By G. E. Koppenwallner, D. Etling, C.-W. Leong, J. M. Ottino, E. Villermaux, J. Duplat, P. D. Weidman, V. O. Afenchenko, A. B. Ezersky, S. V. Kiyashko, M. I. Rabinovich, E. Bodenschatz, S. W. Morris, J. R. De bruyn, D. S. Cannell, G. Ahlers, C. F. Chen, F. Zoueshtiagh, P. J. Thomas, G. Gauthier, P. Gondret, F. Moisy, M. Rabaud, M. Fermigier, P. Jenffer, E. Tan, S. T. Thoroddsen, B. Vukasinovic, A. Glezer, M. K. Smith, N. J. Zabusky, W. Townsend, R. A. Hess, N. J. Brock, B. J. Weber, L. W. Carr, M. S. Chandrasekhara
- M. Samimy, Ohio State University, K. S. Breuer, Brown University, Rhode Island, L. G. Leal, University of California, Santa Barbara, P. H. Steen, Cornell University, New York
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- Book:
- A Gallery of Fluid Motion
- Published online:
- 25 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 12 January 2004, pp 28-41
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Summary
Vortex flows paint themselves
The artistlike pictures of vortex flows presented here have been produced by the flow itself. The method of this “natural” flow visualization can be described briefly as follows: The working fluid is water mixed with some paste in order to increase the viscosity. Vortex flows are produced by pulling a stick or similar devices through the fluid or by injecting fluid through a nozzle into the working tank.
The flow visualization is performed in the following way: the surface of the fluid at rest is sparkled with oil paint of different colors diluted with some evaporating chemical. After the vortex structures have formed due to wakes or jets, a sheet of white paper is placed on the surface of the working fluid, where the oil color is attached to the paper immediately. The final results are artistlike paintings of vortex flows which exhibit a rich variety of flow structures.
Mixing in regular and chaotic flows
These photographs show the time evolution of two passive tracers in a low Reynolds number two-dimensional timeperiodic flow. The initial condition corresponds to two blobs of dye, green and orange, located below the free surface of a cavity filled with glycerine. The flow is induced by moving the top and bottom walls of the cavity while the other two walls are fixed. In this experiment the top wall moves from left to right and the bottom wall moves from right to left; both velocities are of the form Usin2(2πt/T), with the same U and the same period T, but with a phase shift of 90°.