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Contributors
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- By Joëlle Adrien, M. Y. Agargun, Negar Ahmadi, Imran M. Ahmed, J. Todd Arnedt, Joseph Barbera, Simon Beaulieu-Bonneau, Marie E. Beitinger, Francesco Benedetti, Glenn Berall, Kirk J. Brower, Gregory M. Brown, Kumaraswamy Budur, Daniel P. Cardinali, Deirdre A. Conroy, Sara Dallaspezia, José Manuel de la Fuente, Paolo De Luca, Diana De Ronchi, Antonio Drago, Matthew R. Ebben, Irshaad Ebrahim, Pingfu Feng, Peter B. Fenwick, Lina Fine, Jonathan Adrian Ewing Fleming, Paul A. Fredrickson, Stephany Fulda, Lucile Garma, Roger Godbout, Reut Gruber, J. Allan Hobson, Andrea Iaboni, Anna Ivanenko, Mayumi Kimura, Milton Kramer, Christoph J. Lauer, Remy Luthringer, Luis Fernando Martínez, Sara Matteson-Rusby, Robert W. McCarley, Charles J. Meliska, Harvey Moldofsky, Charles M. Morin, Sricharan Moturi, Marie-Christine Ouellet, James F. Pagel, S. R. Pandi-Perumal, Barbara L. Parry, Timo Partonen, Wilfred R. Pigeon, Thomas Pollmächer, Nathalie Pross, Elliott Richelson, Naomi L. Rogers, Stefan Rupprecht-Mrozek, Philip Saleh, Andreas Schuld, Alessandro Serretti, Colin M. Shapiro, Christopher Michael Sinton, Marcel G. Smits, D. Warren Spence, Jürgen Staedt, Corinne Staner, Luc Staner, Axel Steiger, Deborah Suchecki, Michael J. Thorpy, Inna Voloh, Bradley G. Whitwell, Robert A. Zucker
- Edited by S. R. Pandi-Perumal, Milton Kramer, University of Illinois, Chicago
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- Book:
- Sleep and Mental Illness
- Published online:
- 05 July 2011
- Print publication:
- 01 April 2010, pp ix-xiii
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14 - Exo-and endocranial morphometrics in mid-Pleistocene and modern humans
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- By Katrin Schäfer, University of Vienna, Horst Seidler, University of Vienna, Fred L. Bookstein, University of Michigan, Hermann Prossinger, University of Vienna, Dean Falk, The University at Albany, Glenn Conroy, Washington University School of Medicine
- Edited by Dean Falk, State University of New York, Albany, Kathleen R. Gibson, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
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- Book:
- Evolutionary Anatomy of the Primate Cerebral Cortex
- Published online:
- 07 October 2011
- Print publication:
- 19 April 2001, pp 290-304
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Summary
In hominid evolution, the shape of the inner frontal bone in the median sagittal plane has, in contrast to the outer vault, not changed since at least the Plio-Pleistocene (Bookstein et al., 1999). Nonetheless, inner vault size increased significantly (by ∼ 11%) while the size of the outer frontal profile did not. Thus, two of the more interesting questions to pose are: ‘At which other positions of the skull have major shape and size changes taken place?’ and ‘Could it be that the exocranium is involved in shape changes while the endocranium is involved in size changes?’. We approach these questions by analyzing general shape and size of both the exo- and endocranium in the median sagittal plane. Importantly, because the inner surface of the braincase provides information concerning brain evolution (Jerison, 1973) and because of the synevolution of cerebellar and frontal lobes (Seidler et al., 1997), our investigation also includes the occipital bone.
Geometric relations in the median-sagittal plane
Our sample includes 21 crania of modern humans of both sexes (10 females, 11 males): 15 from Central Europe, two San and two Bantu, and two Papuans. To these we added the stereolithographs of three mid- Pleistocene fossil hominid crania (Seidler et al., 1997): Kabwe (Broken Hill 1; Woodward, 1921), Petralona (Kokkoros & Kanellis, 1960), both of uncertain age – but probably in excess of 200 000 years old; and Atapuerca SH5 cranium (Arsuaga et al., 1993), about 300 000 years old.