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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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On the Investigation of the Mechanical Constitution of Loose Arenaceous Sediments by the method of Elutriation, with special reference to the Thanet Beds of the Southern Side of the London Basin
- Herbert Arthur Baker
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- Geological Magazine / Volume 57 / Issue 10 / October 1920
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- 01 May 2009, pp. 463-467
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THE speeds of the currents employed in the elutriation process in sorting diversely sized material bear no relation whatever to the speeds of the currents, which are competent to transport the same material. The elutriation process in no way imitates the natural processes whereby sediments are transported, sorted, and deposited. The determination of competent velocities in relation to size of material transported is quite a distinct investigation, and one which still calls for much study in spite of the time and attention given to it by numerous workers.
On the Investigation of the Mechanical Constitution of Loose Arenaceous Sediments by the method of Elutriation, with special reference to the Thanet Beds of the Southern Side of the London Basin
- Herbert Arthur Baker
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- Geological Magazine / Volume 57 / Issue 9 / September 1920
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- 01 May 2009, pp. 411-420
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WITH regard to the laws governing the transport, sorting, and deposition of sediments, much has still to be learned, but one fact emerges clearly from the mass of present data. During the process of transport by water the load undergoes selective treatment, or, in other words, is sorted. The late Dr. G. K. Gilbert, in the course of his important work on the transportation of débris by running water, carried out experiments with mixtures of several grades of detrital material and found that before the slope of the stream had been definitely established (i.e. before the attainment of uniformity of conditions), and especially when low velocities were used, the current tended to sort the débris, building deposits with the coarser part and continuing to transport the finer material. This fact has a special bearing on the study of natural sediments. The state of equilibrium, or of perfect uniformity of conditions, is seldom, if ever, completely realized in nature, and even when approximately reached is not, as a rule, of long duration.
On the Investigation of the Mechanical Constitution of Loose Arenaceous Sediments by the method of Elutriation, with special reference to the Thanet Beds of the Southern Side of the London Basin
- Herbert Arthur Baker
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- Geological Magazine / Volume 57 / Issue 7 / July 1920
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- 01 May 2009, pp. 321-332
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The mechanical constitution of a detrital sedimentary deposit is the aggregate result of the operation of a complex suite of physical laws which govern transport of detrital material by, and its deposition from, water in motion. These physical laws have been elaborately investigated by many workers, and while much remains obscure, important conclusions have been achieved. The detailed examination of the mechanical constitution of the sediments of the geological column has been neglected, although a few pioneer workers have obtained notable results. Sediments of economic value have received attention, but in the realm of pure geology workers have been slow to take up the investigation. Accumulating results indicate, however, that geologists would do well to devote attention to this line of research. Distinctive results are being obtained from sediments, which, even though they may not lend themselves at the present time to complete interpretation, from the point of view of reconstruction of the conditions under which the said deposits were formed, nevertheless bid fair to provide the geologist with another weapon in his armoury. Fluviatile deposits have been found to possess a mechanical constitution distinct from that of estuarine sediments, and the latter are again clearly differentiated, mechanically, from purely marine formations. It may be remarked, too, that the nomenclature in current use applied to the loose sedimentary deposits lacks that element of scientific precision so desirable and necessary if proper progress is to be made. Such terms as “sand”, “clayey sand”, “sandy clay”, and “clay” are at present employed by different writers in different senses, and some system of classification which would give definiteness to the meaning of these and similar terms appears to be urgently called for. The only satisfactory basis for such a classification must be a quantitative one, depending upon mechanical analyses of sediments. When a sufficiently comprehensive collection of comparative data is available it should be a simple matter to devise an adequate scheme for the classification of the loose detrital sediments.
III.—Evidence suggestive of Charnian Movement in East Kent
- Herbert Arthur Baker
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- Geological Magazine / Volume 4 / Issue 9 / September 1917
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- 01 May 2009, pp. 398-403
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A Comparative study of the whole of the evidence concerning the Palæozoic floor beneath the South-East of England and the manner in which the various members of the Mesozoics are disposed upon it has led the present writer to conclude that the area, originally defined by Professor P. F. Kendall, over which the effects of the operation of a “posthumous” Charnian axis may be discerned, can be greatly extended, more particularly to the eastward. The evidence, indeed, strongly suggests the presence of a second Charnian axis beneath Suffolk, proceeding thence south-eastward to North France.
V.—On Successive Stages in the Denudation of the Chalk in East Anglia
- Herbert Arthur Baker
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- Geological Magazine / Volume 5 / Issue 9 / September 1918
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- 01 May 2009, pp. 412-416
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A recent attempt by the writer to utilize the information at present available with a view to gaining some notion of the dominant characteristics of the denudation suffered by the Chalk of the London Basin prior to the deposition of the Eocenes yielded results of sufficient interest to encourage him to apply the same method of analysis to the East Anglian area.
On the Quartzite Pebbles of the Oldhaven (Blackheath), Beds of the Southern Part of the London Basin
- Herbert Arthur Baker
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- Geological Magazine / Volume 57 / Issue 2 / February 1920
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- 01 May 2009, pp. 62-70
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IT is common knowledge to all geologists interested in the Lower Eocenes of the southern part of the London Basin that, in the Oldhaven (Blackheath) Pebble Beds, pebbles of a brown quartzite are often to be found on searching amongst the rounded flints of which these beds are so largely composed. When geological parties visit sections exposing the pebble-beds of the Lower London Tertiaries, the search for these quartzites usually constitutes one of the items of the field-work to be done. A considerable number of these pebbles must, by this time, have been collected but, although their occurrence has given rise to a good deal of discussion and speculation, nobody appears, so far, to have undertaken a systematic examination of their characters and petrological affinities. The view has been propounded that the study of these pebbles would throw light on the question of the source of the material composing the Lower London Tertiary beds.
III.—On the Pre-Thanetian Erosion of the Chalk in parts of the London Basin
- Herbert Arthur Baker
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- Geological Magazine / Volume 5 / Issue 7 / July 1918
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- 01 May 2009, pp. 296-305
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It has long been recognized that, in early Eocene times, while the “Calcaire de Mons” was being deposited in the Belgian area, large tracts of the Upper Chalk were removed by denudation from the south-east of England. The true extent of the unconformity between the Chalk and our oldest Eocene strata is now to be seen only where the Eocene cover yet remains. Even where the Chalk is so covered, the unconformity must have been accentuated to some extent in consequence of the solvent action of percolating carbonated waters, the evidence of which is familiar to us as “pipes” in the Chalk filled with Eocene strata, and the persistent bed of unworn, green-coated flints (“Bull-head” Bed) which everywhere occurs between our lowest Eocenes and the Chalk; but such secondary action is likely to have been more or less uniform throughout the whole area beneath the Tertiary cover.
III.—On the Unconformity between the Cretaceous and Older Rocks in East Kent
- Herbert Arthur Baker, B.Sc., F.G.S.
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- Geological Magazine / Volume 4 / Issue 12 / December 1917
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- 01 May 2009, pp. 542-550
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In a previous paper the writer briefly alluded to the evidence, as known from the deep borings in East Kent, afforded by the Palæozoic and Mesozoic rocks, of the operation of a posthumous axis of unrest, probably of Charnian affinity. This conception receives further support from a study of the special characters exhibited by the Wealden of East Kent and the nature of the unconformity between these strata and the Mesozoic and Palæozoic rocks underlying them.
On the Investigation of the Mechanical Constitution of Loose Arenaceous Sediments by the method of Elutriation, with special reference to the Thanet Beds of the Southern Side of the London Basin
- Herbert Arthur Baker
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- Journal:
- Geological Magazine / Volume 57 / Issue 8 / August 1920
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- 01 May 2009, pp. 363-370
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IN giving graphical expression to the data obtained by mechanical analyses of sediments, the use of curves was found to be very satisfactory. After some consideration the method finally adopted was to mark off along a horizontal abscissa a scale of percentage-weights, from 0 to 100, and upwards, along a vertical ordinate, a scale of grade-size limits from 0 to ·2 mm. and beyond. In cases where the range of the diameters of the grains in a sample is very great it would be necessary to employ a method of reducing the representative lengths, and this has sometimes been done by marking off lengths proportional to the logarithms of the diameters; but in the case of the arenaceous sediments dealt with by the writer, the necessity for this did not arise, and in the curves illustrating this paper, the ordinate lengths shown are directly proportional to the diameters represented. The length along an abscissa, intercepted between the first ordinate and the curve, represents the total percentage weight of the sample which, up to the limit of size specified, has been washed off, and the remaining length signifies the percentage-weight yet remaining to be dealt with. A tendency towards verticality on the part of the curve denotes relative absence or paucity of material of the sizes specified, and, correspondingly, a tendency towards horizontality signifies a preponderance of material of the size specified. Hence, a fine-grained sediment will give a curve occupying the lower part of the diagram, and with increasing coarseness of sediment the curve climbs successively higher and higher. (See Figs. 2, 3, and 6.)