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Genetic analysis of activity, brain and behavioral associations in extended families with heavy genetic loading for bipolar disorder
- Annabel Vreeker, Scott C. Fears, Susan K. Service, Lucia Pagani, Joseph S. Takahashi, Carmen Araya, Xinia Araya, Julio Bejarano, Maria C. Lopez, Gabriel Montoya, Claudia Patricia Montoya, Terri M. Teshiba, Javier Escobar, Rita M. Cantor, Carlos López-Jaramillo, Gabriel Macaya, Julio Molina, Victor I. Reus, Chiara Sabatti, Roel A. Ophoff, Nelson B. Freimer, Carrie E. Bearden
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 51 / Issue 3 / February 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 December 2019, pp. 494-502
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- Article
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Background
Disturbed sleep and activity are prominent features of bipolar disorder type I (BP-I). However, the relationship of sleep and activity characteristics to brain structure and behavior in euthymic BP-I patients and their non-BP-I relatives is unknown. Additionally, underlying genetic relationships between these traits have not been investigated.
MethodsRelationships between sleep and activity phenotypes, assessed using actigraphy, with structural neuroimaging (brain) and cognitive and temperament (behavior) phenotypes were investigated in 558 euthymic individuals from multi-generational pedigrees including at least one member with BP-I. Genetic correlations between actigraphy-brain and actigraphy-behavior associations were assessed, and bivariate linkage analysis was conducted for trait pairs with evidence of shared genetic influences.
ResultsMore physical activity and longer awake time were significantly associated with increased brain volumes and cortical thickness, better performance on neurocognitive measures of long-term memory and executive function, and less extreme scores on measures of temperament (impulsivity, cyclothymia). These associations did not differ between BP-I patients and their non-BP-I relatives. For nine activity-brain or activity-behavior pairs there was evidence for shared genetic influence (genetic correlations); of these pairs, a suggestive bivariate quantitative trait locus on chromosome 7 for wake duration and verbal working memory was identified.
ConclusionsOur findings indicate that increased physical activity and more adequate sleep are associated with increased brain size, better cognitive function and more stable temperament in BP-I patients and their non-BP-I relatives. Additionally, we found evidence for pleiotropy of several actigraphy-behavior and actigraphy-brain phenotypes, suggesting a shared genetic basis for these traits.
17 - Water relations and water transport in coppice vs. single stem Quercus cerris L. trees
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- By M. Sabatti, Dipartimento Scienze dell'Ambiente Forestale e delle sue Risorse, Universitá della Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy., G. E. Scarascia Mugnozza, Dipartimento Scienze dell'Ambiente Forestale e delle sue Risorse, Universitá della Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy., R. Valentini, Dipartimento Scienze dell'Ambiente Forestale e delle sue Risorse, Universitá della Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy., A. del Lungo, Dipartimento Scienze dell'Ambiente Forestale e delle sue Risorse, Universitá della Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
- Edited by M. Borghetti, J. Grace, A. Raschi
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- Book:
- Water Transport in Plants under Climatic Stress
- Published online:
- 04 August 2010
- Print publication:
- 13 May 1993, pp 191-204
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- Chapter
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Summary
SUMMARY
The coppice and coppice-with-standards treatments are still widely applied in broadleaf forest stands, especially in Southern Europe. These sylvicultural systems are also promising for the management of fast growing tree crops and for multilayer agroforest stands in tropical regions.
Coppice sprouts show a higher productivity on a per leaf area basis compared to trees grown from seed and allowed to develop naturally as ‘standards’. Evidence is presented that coppice trees had also improved water relations and greater water transport on a per leaf area basis.
INTRODUCTION
Forests are naturally regenerated either via sexual reproduction or by vegetative propagation. In the first case, the production of seeds, their germination and the establishment of seedlings can be encouraged by several silvicultural techniques.
On the other hand, regeneration of many species can occur by growth and development of the meristematic centres located at the stump or root levels. The sprouts and suckers thereby produced give rise to a forest stand called coppice; sometimes, within coppice stands some trees are left uncut for a maximum of three to four consequent harvests, to provide some regeneration from seeds, in order to replace the declining stumps. These trees left for sexual reproduction are called standards. Coppice and coppice-with-standards are old silvicultural systems, widely used for firewood and timber production in Southern Europe. They have received renewed attention in recent years because they represent a valid option for new silvicultural goals such as fast growing biomass plantations (Ferm & Kauppi, 1990) and tropical agroforestry systems (Stewart, 1980).