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32 - The dual quark models
- from Part V - Beyond the bosonic string
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- By Korkut Bardakci, University of California, Martin B. Halpern, University of California
- Edited by Andrea Cappelli, Elena Castellani, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy, Filippo Colomo, Paolo Di Vecchia
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- Book:
- The Birth of String Theory
- Published online:
- 05 May 2012
- Print publication:
- 12 April 2012, pp 393-406
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Summary
Abstract
We briefly recall the historical environment around our 1971 and 1975 constructions of current algebraic internal symmetry on the open string. These constructions included the introduction of world-sheet fermions, the independent discovery of affine Lie algebra in physics (level one of affine su(3)), the first examples of the affine-Sugawara and coset constructions, and finally – from compactified spatial dimensions on the string – the first vertex-operator constructions of the fermions and level one of affine su(n).
Introduction
In this Chapter we describe the environment around our 1971 paper ‘New dual quark models’ [BH71] and the two companion papers ‘The two faces of a dual pion–quark model’ [Hal71c] in 1971, and ‘Quantum “solitons” which are SU(N) fermions’ [Hal75] in 1975, which laid the foundations of non-Abelian current-algebraic internal symmetry on the string.
The background for our contributions included many helpful discussions with other early workers, including H. M. Chan, C. Lovelace, H. Ruegg and C. Schmid (during KB's 1969 visit to CERN), as well as R. Brower, S. Klein, C. Thorn, M. Virasoro and J. Weis (with MBH at Berkeley). Both of us also acknowledge many discussions with Y. Frishman, G. Segre, J. Shapiro and especially S. Mandelstam. Later discussions with I. Bars and W. Siegel are also acknowledged by MBH. With apologies to many other authors then, we reference here only the work which was most influential in our early thinking: before Veneziano, there had been widespread interest in the quarkmodel of Gell-Mann and Zweig, including the four-dimensional current algebra (Adler and Dashen [AD68]) of quarks.
Contributors
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- By Giustino Albanese, Andrew Amaranto, Brandon H. Backlund, Alexander Baxter, Abraham Berger, Mark Bernstein, Marian E. Betz, Omar Bholat, Suzanne Bigelow, Carl Bonnett, Elizabeth Borock, Christopher B. Colwell, Alasdair Conn, Moira Davenport, David Dreitlein, Aaron Eberhardt, Ugo A. Ezenkwele, Diana Felton, Spiros G. Frangos, John E. Frank, Jonathan S. Gates, Lewis Goldfrank, Pinchas Halpern, Jean Hammel, Kristin E. Harkin, Jason S. Haukoos, E. Parker Hays, Aaron Hexdall, James F. Holmes, Debra Houry, Jennifer Isenhour, Andy Jagoda, John L. Kendall, Erica Kreisman, Nancy Kwon, Eric Legome, Matthew R. Levine, Phillip D. Levy, Charles Little, Marion Machado, Heather Mahoney, Vincent J. Markovchick, Nancy Martin, John Marx, Julie Mayglothling, Ron Medzon, Maurizio A. Miglietta, Elizabeth L. Mitchell, Ernest Moore, Maria E. Moreira, Sassan Naderi, Salvatore Pardo, Sajan Patel, David Peak, Christine Preblick, Niels K. Rathlev, Charles Ray, Phillip L. Rice, Carlo L. Rosen, Peter Rosen, Livia Santiago-Rosado, Tamara A. Scerpella, David Schwartz, Fred Severyn, Kaushal Shah, Lee W. Shockley, Mari Siegel, Matthew Simons, Michael Stern, D. Matthew Sullivan, Carrie D. Tibbles, Knox H. Todd, Shawn Ulrich, Neil Waldman, Kurt Whitaker, Stephen J. Wolf, Daniel Zlogar
- Edited by Eric Legome, Lee W. Shockley
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- Book:
- Trauma
- Published online:
- 07 September 2011
- Print publication:
- 16 June 2011, pp ix-xiv
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