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Take the High Road: Bronze Age, Iron Age and Early Roman Settlement at Dunmore Road, Abingdon
- Edited by Stephen Mileson
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- Book:
- Oxoniensia
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 17 February 2024
- Print publication:
- 06 December 2022, pp 127-194
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Summary
SUMMARY
Excavations at Dunmore Road, Abingdon (formerly Berks.) uncovered activity dating from the Neolithic to the early Roman period. Following some ephemeral traces of Neolithic and Bronze Age activity, the earliest clear evidence of settlement was represented in the early Iron Age by a series of post-built and ditched roundhouses, numerous pits, and four- and six-post structures. Middle Iron Age activity was represented primarily by a series of enclosures accompanied by an inhumation burial and several pits. One of the enclosures was recut in the late Iron Age and a larger adjoining enclosure was established during this time. The larger enclosure was recut three times in the early Roman period, showing continuity in local activity, which also saw the construction of a probable masonry building. A previously unknown Roman road, flanked by ditches c.20–28 m apart with layers of metalling in between, was found extending across the site. Projection of the road alignment southwards connects it to the late Iron Age oppidum and Roman nucleated settlement at Abingdon. No road has previously been found that links Abingdon to the main Roman road network. Activity ceased in the early second century AD, around the time of settlement and landscape reorganisation observed more widely in the Abingdon area. The road does not appear to have been refurbished thereafter, and the extent to which it continued in use through the later Roman period is unknown. Medieval furrows crossed the site on the same alignment as the Iron Age and early Roman enclosures and perpendicular to the Roman road. However, the furrows may have been aligned upon Wootton Road to the west rather than indicating any influence from the late prehistoric or Roman remains.
Oxford Archaeology (OA) undertook an archaeological excavation in advance of residential development to the north of Dunmore Road in Abingdon in 2018. The excavation area was centred at SU 49170 98768 and covered c.2.48 ha (Fig. 1). It lies within the south-western part of the Dunmore Road development site, which extended across c.9.5 ha. The River Stert defines the north-eastern side of the development site and joins the River Thames c.1.95 km south of the site. The site is located at 64 m above OD and has a slight slope from north to south.
Farming in the Vales: Middle Bronze Age Farming and a Late Iron Age/Romano-British Settlement at Grove Airfield
- Edited by Stephen Mileson
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- Book:
- Oxoniensia
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 17 February 2024
- Print publication:
- 06 December 2022, pp 195-248
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Summary
SUMMARY
Excavations on the former Grove Airfield in 2018 revealed evidence of multi-period land use and agriculture. A middle Bronze Age field system and possible stock enclosures were discovered alongside some artefacts and charred plant remains. A seemingly isolated inhumation burial provided limited evidence of activity during the late Bronze Age. In the late Iron Age/early Roman period, new land boundaries were established and signs of habitation included a possible roundhouse. The settlement was reorganised during the second century AD and was enlarged in the third century, having a formal rectilinear layout with several enclosed areas and post-built structures. Two inhumation burials of possible early Roman date are indicative of rural burial practices in a non-cemetery context. By the fourth century the settlement appears to have become more open, with a shift towards more intensive arable production and crop processing signified by the construction of a large corndryer and greater quantities of charred plant remains. The settlement was abandoned by the end of the fourth century.
In 2018 Oxford Archaeology (OA) undertook an archaeological excavation exposing c.1.9 ha on the former Grove Airfield to the north of Wantage, centred at NGR SU 3922 8948 (Fig. 1). The excavation was carried out to investigate Bronze Age, Iron Age and Roman features discovered during three previous trial-trench evaluations, and was undertaken in advance of housing development by Persimmon Homes Ltd. The site is situated within the Vale of White Horse, which is separated from the Oxford clay vale to the north by the intervening Oxford Heights, also referred to as the Corallian Ridge.
The excavation revealed the remains of a middle Bronze Age field system with livestock enclosures. Features dating to this period produced pottery belonging to the Deverel-Rimbury tradition (c.1600–1150 cal BC), which together with small quantities of fired clay and animal bones, indicate ephemeral traces of domestic settlement, perhaps focused on livestock husbandry given the lack of cereal remains. Some disarticulated human bone was also recovered suggestive of local burial practice.
A crouched inhumation burial was placed within the corner of one of the middle Bronze Age enclosures and was radiocarbon dated to the tenth century BC, placing it in the late Bronze Age. It is possible that some remains of the middle Bronze Age division had remained extant and continued to have had some significance into this later period.
Between Hill and Valley: Iron Age, Romano-British and Anglo-Saxon Settlement and Farming Activity at Crab Hill, near Wantage
- Edited by Stephen Mileson
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- Book:
- Oxoniensia
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 17 February 2024
- Print publication:
- 06 December 2022, pp 249-324
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Summary
SUMMARY
Excavations to the north-east of Wantage (formerly Berks.) uncovered an Iron Age settlement that was established in the eighth or seventh century BC. Eleven roundhouses, variously defined by postholes and penannular ditches, dated to the earliest or early Iron Age. A total of fifteen roundhouses defined by penannular ditches dated to the middle Iron Age, alongside further settlement features. Activity appears to have diminished during the late Iron Age before the site was significantly reorganised early in the Roman period when two rectilinear enclosures and minor subsidiary enclosures were established. These enclosures were recut multiple times throughout the following centuries and the organisation of the site remained remarkably consistent until its abandonment at the end of the fourth century AD. Corndryers dating to the middle and late Roman periods suggest a focus on cereal processing. One early Anglo-Saxon sunken-featured building was discovered, probably dating to the sixth or seventh century AD. The site was cultivated in the later medieval period, signified by the presence of numerous furrows, and a trackway of late fifteenth- to sixteenth-century date was found to extend southwards towards Wantage.
In 2018 Oxford Archaeology (OA) undertook an archaeological excavation within an 83 ha site in advance of housing development at Crab Hill, located c.1.4 km from the historic core of Wantage at NGR SU 40510 89010 (Fig. 1). The site is located on Upper Greensand Formation at c.75–80 m above OD on the southern edge of the Vale of White Horse, c.5 km north of the escarpment of the Berkshire Downs. Following geophysical survey and evaluation trenching, two areas within the development site were found to contain significant archaeological remains that were previously seen as cropmarks (Fig. 2). Area 1 was excavated over 2.4 ha, revealing a concentration of archaeological features dating from the late Bronze Age to the later medieval period. Area 2 – where the evaluation trenching revealed Iron Age settlement features – will be subject to a future phase of development work.
The discoveries at Crab Hill complement a considerable amount of work that has been previously undertaken around Wantage and Grove, as well as numerous smaller excavations within Wantage itself. Together these discoveries are beginning to build a picture of a fairly intensively settled farming landscape during the Iron Age and Roman periods.
Contributors
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- By Aakash Agarwala, Linda S. Aglio, Rae M. Allain, Paul D. Allen, Houman Amirfarzan, Yasodananda Kumar Areti, Amit Asopa, Edwin G. Avery, Patricia R. Bachiller, Angela M. Bader, Rana Badr, Sibinka Bajic, David J. Baker, Sheila R. Barnett, Rena Beckerly, Lorenzo Berra, Walter Bethune, Sascha S. Beutler, Tarun Bhalla, Edward A. Bittner, Jonathan D. Bloom, Alina V. Bodas, Lina M. Bolanos-Diaz, Ruma R. Bose, Jan Boublik, John P. Broadnax, Jason C. Brookman, Meredith R. Brooks, Roland Brusseau, Ethan O. Bryson, Linda A. Bulich, Kenji Butterfield, William R. Camann, Denise M. Chan, Theresa S. Chang, Jonathan E. Charnin, Mark Chrostowski, Fred Cobey, Adam B. Collins, Mercedes A. Concepcion, Christopher W. Connor, Bronwyn Cooper, Jeffrey B. Cooper, Martha Cordoba-Amorocho, Stephen B. Corn, Darin J. Correll, Gregory J. Crosby, Lisa J. Crossley, Deborah J. Culley, Tomas Cvrk, Michael N. D'Ambra, Michael Decker, Daniel F. Dedrick, Mark Dershwitz, Francis X. Dillon, Pradeep Dinakar, Alimorad G. Djalali, D. John Doyle, Lambertus Drop, Ian F. Dunn, Theodore E. Dushane, Sunil Eappen, Thomas Edrich, Jesse M. Ehrenfeld, Jason M. Erlich, Lucinda L. Everett, Elliott S. Farber, Khaldoun Faris, Eddy M. Feliz, Massimo Ferrigno, Richard S. Field, Michael G. Fitzsimons, Hugh L. Flanagan Jr., Vladimir Formanek, Amanda A. Fox, John A. Fox, Gyorgy Frendl, Tanja S. Frey, Samuel M. Galvagno Jr., Edward R. Garcia, Jonathan D. Gates, Cosmin Gauran, Brian J. Gelfand, Simon Gelman, Alexander C. Gerhart, Peter Gerner, Omid Ghalambor, Christopher J. Gilligan, Christian D. Gonzalez, Noah E. Gordon, William B. Gormley, Thomas J. Graetz, Wendy L. Gross, Amit Gupta, James P. Hardy, Seetharaman Hariharan, Miriam Harnett, Philip M. Hartigan, Joaquim M. Havens, Bishr Haydar, Stephen O. Heard, James L. Helstrom, David L. Hepner, McCallum R. Hoyt, Robert N. Jamison, Karinne Jervis, Stephanie B. Jones, Swaminathan Karthik, Richard M. Kaufman, Shubjeet Kaur, Lee A. Kearse Jr., John C. Keel, Scott D. Kelley, Albert H. Kim, Amy L. Kim, Grace Y. Kim, Robert J. Klickovich, Robert M. Knapp, Bhavani S. Kodali, Rahul Koka, Alina Lazar, Laura H. Leduc, Stanley Leeson, Lisa R. Leffert, Scott A. LeGrand, Patricio Leyton, J. Lance Lichtor, John Lin, Alvaro A. Macias, Karan Madan, Sohail K. Mahboobi, Devi Mahendran, Christine Mai, Sayeed Malek, S. Rao Mallampati, Thomas J. Mancuso, Ramon Martin, Matthew C. Martinez, J. A. Jeevendra Martyn, Kai Matthes, Tommaso Mauri, Mary Ellen McCann, Shannon S. McKenna, Dennis J. McNicholl, Abdel-Kader Mehio, Thor C. Milland, Tonya L. K. Miller, John D. Mitchell, K. Annette Mizuguchi, Naila Moghul, David R. Moss, Ross J. Musumeci, Naveen Nathan, Ju-Mei Ng, Liem C. Nguyen, Ervant Nishanian, Martina Nowak, Ala Nozari, Michael Nurok, Arti Ori, Rafael A. Ortega, Amy J. Ortman, David Oxman, Arvind Palanisamy, Carlo Pancaro, Lisbeth Lopez Pappas, Benjamin Parish, Samuel Park, Deborah S. Pederson, Beverly K. Philip, James H. Philip, Silvia Pivi, Stephen D. Pratt, Douglas E. Raines, Stephen L. Ratcliff, James P. Rathmell, J. Taylor Reed, Elizabeth M. Rickerson, Selwyn O. Rogers Jr., Thomas M. Romanelli, William H. Rosenblatt, Carl E. Rosow, Edgar L. Ross, J. Victor Ryckman, Mônica M. Sá Rêgo, Nicholas Sadovnikoff, Warren S. Sandberg, Annette Y. Schure, B. Scott Segal, Navil F. Sethna, Swapneel K. Shah, Shaheen F. Shaikh, Fred E. Shapiro, Torin D. Shear, Prem S. Shekar, Stanton K. Shernan, Naomi Shimizu, Douglas C. Shook, Kamal K. Sikka, Pankaj K. Sikka, David A. Silver, Jeffrey H. Silverstein, Emily A. Singer, Ken Solt, Spiro G. Spanakis, Wolfgang Steudel, Matthias Stopfkuchen-Evans, Michael P. Storey, Gary R. Strichartz, Balachundhar Subramaniam, Wariya Sukhupragarn, John Summers, Shine Sun, Eswar Sundar, Sugantha Sundar, Neelakantan Sunder, Faraz Syed, Usha B. Tedrow, Nelson L. Thaemert, George P. Topulos, Lawrence C. Tsen, Richard D. Urman, Charles A. Vacanti, Francis X. Vacanti, Joshua C. Vacanti, Assia Valovska, Ivan T. Valovski, Mary Ann Vann, Susan Vassallo, Anasuya Vasudevan, Kamen V. Vlassakov, Gian Paolo Volpato, Essi M. Vulli, J. Matthias Walz, Jingping Wang, James F. Watkins, Maxwell Weinmann, Sharon L. Wetherall, Mallory Williams, Sarah H. Wiser, Zhiling Xiong, Warren M. Zapol, Jie Zhou
- Edited by Charles Vacanti, Scott Segal, Pankaj Sikka, Richard Urman
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- Book:
- Essential Clinical Anesthesia
- Published online:
- 05 January 2012
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- 11 July 2011, pp xv-xxviii
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