2 results
11 - African Refugees: Challenges and Prospects of Resettlement Programs
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- By Clemente Abrokwaa, Pennsylvania State University, USA, Mary Shilalukey Ngoma, University of Zambia, Zambia, Edward Shizha, Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada, Elias Mpofu, University of Sydney, Australia
- Edited by Elias Mpofu, University of Sydney
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- Book:
- Counseling People of African Ancestry
- Published online:
- 05 August 2011
- Print publication:
- 27 June 2011, pp 166-179
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- Chapter
- Export citation
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Summary
OVERVIEW. Since independence in the 1950s and 1960s, postcolonial African societies have been characterized by civil wars and ethnic conflicts. Many Africans had hoped that independence from European colonial rule would usher in a period of peace and prosperity in all areas of life for the entire population. However, this anticipation has rather been usurped by several unending civil wars and ethnic conflicts that have not only claimed millions of lives but have also produced – and continue to produce – streams of desperate refugees fleeing across national borders in search of security and protection. Many of these victims have been women and children. This chapter examines the history of the African refugee problem; the major theories on the subject; national, regional, and international initiatives on African refugees; current practices of refugee hosting inside and outside the continent; legal issues; cultural and diversity concerns; and issues for research on African refugees.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the chapter, the reader should be able to:
Define a refugee based on the UN definition of the term.
Outline the historical causes of the refugee problem in Africa.
Identify, describe, and evaluate the major theoretical paradigms on refugees.
Outline the legal rights, as well as the major problems facing African refugees both inside and outside Africa.
Discuss peace-building strategies in efforts to end the African refugee problem.
12 - Counseling Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Africa
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- By Gertie Pretorius, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Brandon Morgan, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Magen Mhaka-Mutepfa, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe, Mary Shilalukey Ngoma, University of Zambia, Zambia, Thokozile Mayekiso, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa
- Edited by Elias Mpofu, University of Sydney
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- Book:
- Counseling People of African Ancestry
- Published online:
- 05 August 2011
- Print publication:
- 27 June 2011, pp 180-192
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
OVERVIEW. Africa has the greatest proportion of orphans globally, with the HIV and AIDS pandemic one of the foremost reasons for this situation (UNAIDS/UNICEF/USAID, 2004). Despite the high numbers of orphans and other vulnerable children on the continent, state and federal governments repeatedly consider these children a last priority in social service provision. Furthermore, many services addressed toward these children attend to their basic needs and seldom address their emotional well-being. In this chapter, the psychological experiences of orphans and other vulnerable children are explored and counseling techniques that can be applied to this population group discussed. Examples of current programs in Africa are also presented.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the chapter, the reader should be able to:
Outline the challenges of defining orphans and vulnerable children (OVCs) in an African context.
Explain the importance of providing counseling to OVCs, especially within the framework of children's rights.
Evaluate the role of HIV and AIDS in the psychosocial experiences and well-being of OVCs.
Discuss appropriate counseling supports for OVCs.
Describe areas requiring further research in the counseling of OVCs.
INTRODUCTION
Statistics paint a poignant picture of the landscape of OVCs in Africa. According to the Children on the Brink Report (UNAIDS/UNICEF/USAID, 2004), in 2003, approximately 43 million orphans resided in sub-Saharan Africa. Of these children, roughly 11 million have become orphans as a result of the HIV and AIDS pandemic (UNAIDS, 2008).