8 results
Contributor affiliations
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- By Frank Andrasik, Melissa R. Andrews, Ana Inés Ansaldo, Evangelos G. Antzoulatos, Lianhua Bai, Ellen Barrett, Linamara Battistella, Nicolas Bayle, Michael S. Beattie, Peter J. Beek, Serafin Beer, Heinrich Binder, Claire Bindschaedler, Sarah Blanton, Tasia Bobish, Michael L. Boninger, Joseph F. Bonner, Chadwick B. Boulay, Vanessa S. Boyce, Anna-Katharine Brem, Jacqueline C. Bresnahan, Floor E. Buma, Mary Bartlett Bunge, John H. Byrne, Jeffrey R. Capadona, Stefano F. Cappa, Diana D. Cardenas, Leeanne M. Carey, S. Thomas Carmichael, Glauco A. P. Caurin, Pablo Celnik, Kimberly M. Christian, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo G. Cohen, Adriana B. Conforto, Rory A. Cooper, Rosemarie Cooper, Steven C. Cramer, Armin Curt, Mark D’Esposito, Matthew B. Dalva, Gavriel David, Brandon Delia, Wenbin Deng, Volker Dietz, Bruce H. Dobkin, Marco Domeniconi, Edith Durand, Tracey Vause Earland, Georg Ebersbach, Jonathan J. Evans, James W. Fawcett, Uri Feintuch, Toby A. Ferguson, Marie T. Filbin, Diasinou Fioravante, Itzhak Fischer, Agnes Floel, Herta Flor, Karim Fouad, Richard S. J. Frackowiak, Peter H. Gorman, Thomas W. Gould, Jean-Michel Gracies, Amparo Gutierrez, Kurt Haas, C.D. Hall, Hans-Peter Hartung, Zhigang He, Jordan Hecker, Susan J. Herdman, Seth Herman, Leigh R. Hochberg, Ahmet Höke, Fay B. Horak, Jared C. Horvath, Richard L. Huganir, Friedhelm C. Hummel, Beata Jarosiewicz, Frances E. Jensen, Michael Jöbges, Larry M. Jordan, Jon H. Kaas, Andres M. Kanner, Noomi Katz, Matthew S. Kayser, Annmarie Kelleher, Gerd Kempermann, Timothy E. Kennedy, Jürg Kesselring, Fary Khan, Rachel Kizony, Jeffery D. Kocsis, Boudewijn J. Kollen, Hubertus Köller, John W. Krakauer, Hermano I. Krebs, Gert Kwakkel, Bradley Lang, Catherine E. Lang, Helmar C. Lehmann, Angelo C. Lepore, Glenn S. Le Prell, Mindy F. Levin, Joel M. Levine, David A. Low, Marilyn MacKay-Lyons, Jeffrey D. Macklis, Margaret Mak, Francine Malouin, William C. Mann, Paul D. Marasco, Christopher J. Mathias, Laura McClure, Jan Mehrholz, Lorne M. Mendell, Robert H. Miller, Carol Milligan, Beth Mineo, Simon W. Moore, Jennifer Morgan, Charbel E-H. Moussa, Martin Munz, Randolph J. Nudo, Joseph J. Pancrazio, Theresa Pape, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Kristin M. Pearson-Fuhrhop, P. Hunter Peckham, Tamara L. Pelleshi, Catherine Verrier Piersol, Thomas Platz, Marcus Pohl, Dejan B. Popović, Andrew M. Poulos, Maulik Purohit, Hui-Xin Qi, Debbie Rand, Mahendra S. Rao, Josef P. Rauschecker, Aimee Reiss, Carol L. Richards, Keith M. Robinson, Melvyn Roerdink, John C. Rosenbek, Serge Rossignol, Edward S. Ruthazer, Arash Sahraie, Krishnankutty Sathian, Marc H. Schieber, Brian J. Schmidt, Michael E. Selzer, Mijail D. Serruya, Himanshu Sharma, Michael Shifman, Jerry Silver, Thomas Sinkjær, George M. Smith, Young-Jin Son, Tim Spencer, John D. Steeves, Oswald Steward, Sheela Stuart, Austin J. Sumner, Chin Lik Tan, Robert W. Teasell, Gareth Thomas, Aiko K. Thompson, Richard F. Thompson, Wesley J. Thompson, Erika Timar, Ceri T. Trevethan, Christopher Trimby, Gary R. Turner, Mark H. Tuszynski, Erna A. van Niekerk, Ricardo Viana, Difei Wang, Anthony B. Ward, Nick S. Ward, Stephen G. Waxman, Patrice L. Weiss, Jörg Wissel, Steven L. Wolf, Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Sharon Wood-Dauphinee, Ross D. Zafonte, Binhai Zheng, Richard D. Zorowitz
- Edited by Michael Selzer, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo Cohen, Gert Kwakkel, Robert Miller, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
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- Book:
- Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
- Published online:
- 05 May 2014
- Print publication:
- 24 April 2014, pp ix-xvi
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Contributor affiliations
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- By Frank Andrasik, Melissa R. Andrews, Ana Inés Ansaldo, Evangelos G. Antzoulatos, Lianhua Bai, Ellen Barrett, Linamara Battistella, Nicolas Bayle, Michael S. Beattie, Peter J. Beek, Serafin Beer, Heinrich Binder, Claire Bindschaedler, Sarah Blanton, Tasia Bobish, Michael L. Boninger, Joseph F. Bonner, Chadwick B. Boulay, Vanessa S. Boyce, Anna-Katharine Brem, Jacqueline C. Bresnahan, Floor E. Buma, Mary Bartlett Bunge, John H. Byrne, Jeffrey R. Capadona, Stefano F. Cappa, Diana D. Cardenas, Leeanne M. Carey, S. Thomas Carmichael, Glauco A. P. Caurin, Pablo Celnik, Kimberly M. Christian, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo G. Cohen, Adriana B. Conforto, Rory A. Cooper, Rosemarie Cooper, Steven C. Cramer, Armin Curt, Mark D’Esposito, Matthew B. Dalva, Gavriel David, Brandon Delia, Wenbin Deng, Volker Dietz, Bruce H. Dobkin, Marco Domeniconi, Edith Durand, Tracey Vause Earland, Georg Ebersbach, Jonathan J. Evans, James W. Fawcett, Uri Feintuch, Toby A. Ferguson, Marie T. Filbin, Diasinou Fioravante, Itzhak Fischer, Agnes Floel, Herta Flor, Karim Fouad, Richard S. J. Frackowiak, Peter H. Gorman, Thomas W. Gould, Jean-Michel Gracies, Amparo Gutierrez, Kurt Haas, C.D. Hall, Hans-Peter Hartung, Zhigang He, Jordan Hecker, Susan J. Herdman, Seth Herman, Leigh R. Hochberg, Ahmet Höke, Fay B. Horak, Jared C. Horvath, Richard L. Huganir, Friedhelm C. Hummel, Beata Jarosiewicz, Frances E. Jensen, Michael Jöbges, Larry M. Jordan, Jon H. Kaas, Andres M. Kanner, Noomi Katz, Matthew S. Kayser, Annmarie Kelleher, Gerd Kempermann, Timothy E. Kennedy, Jürg Kesselring, Fary Khan, Rachel Kizony, Jeffery D. Kocsis, Boudewijn J. Kollen, Hubertus Köller, John W. Krakauer, Hermano I. Krebs, Gert Kwakkel, Bradley Lang, Catherine E. Lang, Helmar C. Lehmann, Angelo C. Lepore, Glenn S. Le Prell, Mindy F. Levin, Joel M. Levine, David A. Low, Marilyn MacKay-Lyons, Jeffrey D. Macklis, Margaret Mak, Francine Malouin, William C. Mann, Paul D. Marasco, Christopher J. Mathias, Laura McClure, Jan Mehrholz, Lorne M. Mendell, Robert H. Miller, Carol Milligan, Beth Mineo, Simon W. Moore, Jennifer Morgan, Charbel E-H. Moussa, Martin Munz, Randolph J. Nudo, Joseph J. Pancrazio, Theresa Pape, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Kristin M. Pearson-Fuhrhop, P. Hunter Peckham, Tamara L. Pelleshi, Catherine Verrier Piersol, Thomas Platz, Marcus Pohl, Dejan B. Popović, Andrew M. Poulos, Maulik Purohit, Hui-Xin Qi, Debbie Rand, Mahendra S. Rao, Josef P. Rauschecker, Aimee Reiss, Carol L. Richards, Keith M. Robinson, Melvyn Roerdink, John C. Rosenbek, Serge Rossignol, Edward S. Ruthazer, Arash Sahraie, Krishnankutty Sathian, Marc H. Schieber, Brian J. Schmidt, Michael E. Selzer, Mijail D. Serruya, Himanshu Sharma, Michael Shifman, Jerry Silver, Thomas Sinkjær, George M. Smith, Young-Jin Son, Tim Spencer, John D. Steeves, Oswald Steward, Sheela Stuart, Austin J. Sumner, Chin Lik Tan, Robert W. Teasell, Gareth Thomas, Aiko K. Thompson, Richard F. Thompson, Wesley J. Thompson, Erika Timar, Ceri T. Trevethan, Christopher Trimby, Gary R. Turner, Mark H. Tuszynski, Erna A. van Niekerk, Ricardo Viana, Difei Wang, Anthony B. Ward, Nick S. Ward, Stephen G. Waxman, Patrice L. Weiss, Jörg Wissel, Steven L. Wolf, Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Sharon Wood-Dauphinee, Ross D. Zafonte, Binhai Zheng, Richard D. Zorowitz
- Edited by Michael E. Selzer, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo G. Cohen, Gert Kwakkel, Robert H. Miller, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
-
- Book:
- Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
- Published online:
- 05 June 2014
- Print publication:
- 24 April 2014, pp ix-xvi
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Populational adaptive evolution, chemotherapeutic resistance and multiple anti-cancer therapies
- Alexander Lorz, Tommaso Lorenzi, Michael E. Hochberg, Jean Clairambault, Benoît Perthame
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- Journal:
- ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis / Volume 47 / Issue 2 / March 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 January 2013, pp. 377-399
- Print publication:
- March 2013
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Resistance to chemotherapies, particularly to anticancer treatments, is an increasing medical concern. Among the many mechanisms at work in cancers, one of the most important is the selection of tumor cells expressing resistance genes or phenotypes. Motivated by the theory of mutation-selection in adaptive evolution, we propose a model based on a continuous variable that represents the expression level of a resistance gene (or genes, yielding a phenotype) influencing in healthy and tumor cells birth/death rates, effects of chemotherapies (both cytotoxic and cytostatic) and mutations. We extend previous work by demonstrating how qualitatively different actions of chemotherapeutic and cytostatic treatments may induce different levels of resistance. The mathematical interest of our study is in the formalism of constrained Hamilton–Jacobi equations in the framework of viscosity solutions. We derive the long-term temporal dynamics of the fittest traits in the regime of small mutations. In the context of adaptive cancer management, we also analyse whether an optimal drug level is better than the maximal tolerated dose.
Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157 infections at multiple county agricultural fairs: a hazard of mixing cattle, concession stands and children
- JOHN A. CRUMP, CHRISTOPHER R. BRADEN, MEGHAN E. DEY, R. MICHAEL HOEKSTRA, JANET M. RICKELMAN-APISA, DAVID A. BALDWIN, SIETSKE J. DE FIJTER, SCOTT F. NOWICKI, ELIZABETH M. KOCH, TAMMY L. BANNERMAN, FORREST W. SMITH, JOHN P. SARISKY, NATASHA HOCHBERG, PAUL S. MEAD
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 131 / Issue 3 / December 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 December 2003, pp. 1055-1062
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Escherichia coli O157 infections cause an estimated 60 deaths and 73000 illnesses annually in the United States. A marked summer peak in incidence is largely unexplained. We investigated an outbreak of E. coli O157 infections at an agricultural fair in Ohio and implicated consumption of beverages made with fairground water and sold by a geographically localized group of vendors who were all on the same branch of the fairground water distribution system. To examine county fair attendance as a risk factor for infection, we conducted two further epidemiological studies. In the first, we enhanced surveillance for E. coli O157 infections in 15 Northeast Ohio counties during the 2000 agricultural fair season and showed increased risk of E. coli O157 infection among fair attendees. In the second study, we examined Ohio Public Health Laboratory Information Service (PHLIS) data for 1999 using a time-varying covariate proportional hazards model and demonstrated an association between agricultural fairs and E. coli O157 infections, by county. Agricultural fair attendance is a risk factor for E. coli O157 infection in the United States and may contribute to the summer peak in incidence. Measures are needed to reduce transmission of enteric pathogens at agricultural fairs.
8 - Virulence on the Edge: A Source–Sink Perspective
- Edited by Ulf Dieckmann, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria, Johan A. J. Metz, Universiteit Leiden, Maurice W. Sabelis, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Karl Sigmund, Universität Wien, Austria
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- Adaptive Dynamics of Infectious Diseases
- Published online:
- 15 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 11 April 2002, pp 104-120
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Summary
Introduction
A recognition of spatial processes can be found even in the earliest glimmerings of intellectual understanding of the parasitic origin of infectious disease. As described in Ewald (1994a, p. 184), the Renaissance thinker Girolamo Fracastoro hypothesized that disease-specific germs could multiply within a person's body and be transmitted either directly over short distances, or over long distances (e.g., via contaminated objects). In recent years, a number of authors have emphasized how many epidemiological phenomena cannot be understood without explicitly considering infectious processes in a spatial context (e.g., Holmes 1997). There are several general issues that arise automatically when spatial aspects of the dynamics of infectious disease are considered. For instance, if infections are localized, spatial separation increases the degrees of freedom of a host–parasite system, permitting a rich array of dynamical behaviors to arise even in a spatially homogeneous world (e.g., Hassell et al. 1994). Moreover, spatial heterogeneity is the norm rather than the exception in ecological systems (Williamson 1981). Dispersal often couples habitats that differ strongly in local population parameters (e.g., carrying capacity), or involve anisotropic spatial flows. This leads to the potential for asymmetries among habitats in the degree of the impact of spatial coupling on local ecological and evolutionary dynamics.
In population ecology, an example of such asymmetries that has received considerable attention in recent years is “source–sink” dynamics.
14 - Biogeographical Perspectives on Arms Races
- Edited by Ulf Dieckmann, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria, Johan A. J. Metz, Universiteit Leiden, Maurice W. Sabelis, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Karl Sigmund, Universität Wien, Austria
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- Adaptive Dynamics of Infectious Diseases
- Published online:
- 15 January 2010
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- 11 April 2002, pp 197-209
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Summary
Introduction
Natural enemies include parasites, pathogens, parasitoids, and predators (in the order of how we generally perceive their increasing impact on the survival of their individual victims). It has been increasingly recognized since the 1970s that the ecological dynamics of natural enemies and their victims can be diverse (Begon et al. 1996), and that understanding such dynamics has important implications for applied disciplines such as pest control (Chapter 32) and conservation biology (Dobson and McCallum 1997; Clarke et al. 1998; Hochberg 2000).
It is undeniably the case that natural enemies can be geographically widespread, yet most individuals spend their lives within the limited range of environments suitable for their species. Environmental differences over the geographical range of a natural enemy could, in turn, lead to spatial variation in population and adaptive dynamics. Large-scale environmental variation manifests itself in at least three ways.
First, all species have geographical boundaries, either abiotic barriers such as mountains or lakes, or biotic variables such as the abundance and quality of food, and the presence of competitors or predators (Brown et al. 1996; Holt et al. 1997). For many (but by no means all) species, geographical boundaries approximate those experienced by their resources. However, a more functional view of geographical boundaries of a species would include all of those habitats in which natural selection operates (Holt 1996). Such habitats could include vectors (for some parasites and pathogens), breeding grounds (for migrating predators), and nectar sources (for some species of parasitoid wasp).
13 - Population dynamics and the evolutionary stability of biological control
- from Part IV - Genetic/evolutionary considerations
- Edited by Bradford A. Hawkins, University of California, Irvine, Howard V. Cornell, University of Delaware
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- Book:
- Theoretical Approaches to Biological Control
- Published online:
- 13 August 2009
- Print publication:
- 06 May 1999, pp 219-230
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Summary
Introduction
An appealing feature of classical biological control is that it has the potential to be self-sustaining, following initial establishment of the control agent, without the need for perpetual, large-scale human intervention. Most theoretical studies relevant to biological control (as in many chapters in this volume) explore population dynamics, making the quite reasonable assumption that basic biological properties of pest species and control agents are constant. Yet, over sufficiently long time-scales, neither target pests nor control agents are likely to have fixed properties. A truism of evolutionary biology is that all species harbor genetic variation for most characters (Lewontin, 1974) and so can respond via changes in genetic composition to environmental change. Introducing a biological control agent that limits pest numbers below economically significant levels surely counts as a significant environmental change, one that might be expected to have the potential to evoke an evolutionary response in the target pest species. This raises the question of what circumstances foster sustained biological control over evolutionary time-scales. Given strong selection, evolutionary time-scales permitting substantial changes in traits relevant to biological control could well be of the order of years or tens of years, not eons, given the high potential growth rates and population sizes, and short generation times, of many insect species. We suggest that the best biological control is that which can be evolutionarily stable, as well as ecologically persistent, and that a useful role of theory is to clarify when such evolutionary stability might be expected.
4 - The uniformity and density of pest exploitation as guides to success in biological control
- from Part II - Ecological considerations
- Edited by Bradford A. Hawkins, University of California, Irvine, Howard V. Cornell, University of Delaware
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- Book:
- Theoretical Approaches to Biological Control
- Published online:
- 13 August 2009
- Print publication:
- 06 May 1999, pp 71-88
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Summary
Introduction
Quantitative theory on biological control is usually so simple as to be justifiably criticized as ‘unrealistic’ and ‘untestable’. The synthetic nature of parameters in simple models often leads to insurmountable difficulties in their accurate measurement. It is therefore hardly surprising that few field experiments (see Chapter 3), and only one relevant comparative analysis (Hawkins et al., 1993) have been expressly designed to test biological control theory.
Difficulties in the precise interpretation and measurement of parameters are only part of the reason for a reticence in testing theory. A more chronic problem is that the large body of theoretical research on biological control lacks a conceptual synthesis. We believe that the synthesis developed here will be useful to biological control specialists, because population-specific parameters measurable in the field can be related to the two concepts we introduce below.
A survey
Insect parasitoids are without doubt the most commonly employed biological control agents both in practice and in theoretical developments. Table 4.1 presents a survey of modeling studies on insect parasitoids published since Hassell's seminal monograph on the subject (Hassell, 1978). This table provides a fairly complete catalog, reflecting how both topics and modeling approaches have evolved over the past 20 years. The criteria employed for selecting studies compiled in this list are the following:
The study must be published in a scientific journal.
The study must propose a new model structure, somehow extend previous models, or apply preexisting models to a new biological problem.
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