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11 - The Mi’kmaq, the Pattersons and Remembering the Scottish Colonisation of Nova Scotia
- Edited by Karly Kehoe, Michael Vance
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- Book:
- Reappraisals of British Colonisation in Atlantic Canada, 1700–1930
- Published by:
- Edinburgh University Press
- Published online:
- 10 October 2020
- Print publication:
- 28 May 2020, pp 171-189
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Summary
On a cloudless day in July 1923, Harris H. Reid set up his circuit camera on the outskirts of the town of Pictou, Nova Scotia – levelling it with his tripod on the uneven ground of Norway Point in order to take a collective portrait of the assembled gathering. The year before, he had taken panoramic photographs of the dedication ceremony for the Acadian Memorial Church at Grand Pré in the Annapolis Valley, helping to promote the ‘Land of Evangeline’ as one of the central tourist draws in Nova Scotia. These images likely assisted him in securing the role of official photographer the following summer in Pictou for the Hector celebration, which had been organised to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the arrival of the emigrant vessel from the Highlands of Scotland. The Hector celebration, which was advertised throughout North America, aimed to attract both descendants of the original settlers and others wishing to celebrate Scottish heritage. As with the creation of the Acadian Memorial Church on the Grand Pré site of the original building that had witnessed the notorious expulsions of the eighteenth century, the Pictou event sought to combine a pride in heritage with a broader appeal to tourists. For the Pictou gathering, Reid, himself of Scottish descent, took panoramic shots of the town as well as the open-air church service at Loch Broom on East River, where the Hector passengers had erected their Presbyterian church after arriving in the colony. Nevertheless, Reid's Norway Point photograph was the most striking image taken that day. It captured a large number of settler descendants, some dressed in what purports to be period costume, alongside a group of approximately forty Mi’kmaw men, women and children in traditional dress. The Mi’kmaw men appear in feathered headdress and embroidered jackets, while several of the women and girls are wearing traditional hoods and beaded dresses.
Reid's photograph clearly documents the presence of Indigenous peoples prior to European colonisation, but in this regard it was exceptional. The Mi’kmaw participation in the Hector celebrations, which stretched over the week of 15–22 July, was barely mentioned in the press reports of the events.
1 - Colonial Legacies
- Edited by Karly Kehoe, Michael Vance
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- Book:
- Reappraisals of British Colonisation in Atlantic Canada, 1700–1930
- Published by:
- Edinburgh University Press
- Published online:
- 10 October 2020
- Print publication:
- 28 May 2020, pp 3-10
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Summary
Before the end of January 2018, you could walk through Cornwallis Park, a small grass-covered square sitting about 500 metres, as the crow flies, from the Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21 in Halifax's prosperous South End, and see a towering statue of Edward Cornwallis, Governor of Nova Scotia at the time of the city's founding in 1749. The statue, erected in 1931 by the Canadian National Railway as part of an effort to attract tourists to their new Nova Scotian Hotel directly adjacent to the park, was dismantled on 4 February 2018 and put in storage. While not drawing the violent white supremacist protest associated with the Civil War monuments in the United States, the prospect of the statue's removal had sparked a contentious debate. Some claimed that such removals were ‘erasing history’ whereas others, including Mi’kmaw elder Dan Paul, who had initiated the call to remove the statue, explained that the monument was an ongoing affront to Indigenous people because it stood as a reminder of Cornwallis's declared policy of extermination toward the Mi’kmaq. Halifax's city council agreed with the Mi’kmaw community and moved quickly to remove the statue, hoping to avoid any potential protest. In the end, the removal occurred peacefully as members of the Mi’kmaw community and their supporters celebrated the occasion with a traditional ceremony. The significance of this event is twofold: on the one hand, it reveals that long after the official end of Empire the legacy of British colonialism continues to reverberate throughout the city, the province, the wider Atlantic region and, indeed, Canada as a whole; on the other hand, it represents an important shift in the relationship between civic authorities and Indigenous communities.
At first glance, Cornwallis was an unlikely figure to be celebrated as the ‘founder of Halifax’. His military career was mired in controversy. Not only had he participated in the brutal suppression of the Scottish Highlands after Culloden, but he also faced accusations of misconduct for his behaviour in combat during the Seven Years War. His approach to the Mi’kmaq was brutal as his policy of confrontation resulted in bounties being placed on the scalps of Indigenous men, women and children.
Notes on Contributors
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- By David Amigoni, Mark Asquith, Jane Bownas, Adelene Buckland, Carolyn Burdett, Pamela Dalziel, Christine DeVine, Tim Dolin, Roger Ebbatson, Trish Ferguson, Shanyn Fiske, Simon Gatrell, Sophie Gilmartin, William Greenslade, Ann Heilmann, Michael Herbert, John Hughes, Rena Jackson, Elizabeth Langland, Sarah E. Maier, Phillip Mallett, Francesco Marroni, Jane Mattisson, Andrew Nash, K. M. Newton, Francis O’Gorman, John Osborne, Patrick Parrinder, Andrew Radford, Fred Reid, Angelique Richardson, Mary Rimmer, Peter Robinson, Dennis Taylor, Jenny Bourne, Jane Thomas, Herbert F. Tucker, Norman Vance, Roger Webster, Rebecca Welshman, Glen Wickens, Melanie Williams, Keith Wilson, T. R. Wright
- Edited by Phillip Mallett, University of St Andrews, Scotland
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- Book:
- Thomas Hardy in Context
- Published online:
- 05 February 2013
- Print publication:
- 18 March 2013, pp ix-xvi
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- By Ammar Al-Chalabi, Thomas D. Bird, Vincenzo Bonifati, Alexis Brice, Kate Bushby, John Collinge, David Craufurd, Odile Dubourg, Rosalie E. Ferner, Sonia Gandhi, Mark Gardiner, Michael G. Hanna, John Hardy, Peter S. Harper, Dimitri M. Kullmann, Eric LeGuern, Robert McFarland, Simon Mead, Andrew Schaefer, Christopher E. Shaw, Una-Marie Sheerin, Jemeen Sreedharan, S. H. Subramony, Sarah J. Tabrizi, Robert Taylor, Doug Turnbull, Caroline A. Vance MBioch, Edward J. Wild, Nicholas W. Wood
- Nicholas Wood
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- Book:
- Neurogenetics
- Published online:
- 05 May 2012
- Print publication:
- 12 April 2012, pp vi-viii
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- By Basem Abdelmalak, Joseph Abdelmalak, Alaa A. Abd-Elsayed, David L. Adams, Eric E. Adelman, Maged Argalious, Endrit Bala, Gene H. Barnett, Sheron Beltran, Andrew Bielaczyc, William Bingaman, James M. Blum, Alina Bodas, Vera Borzova, Richard Bowers, Adam Brown, Chad M. Brummett, Alexandra S. Bullough, James F. Burke, Juan P. Cata, Neeraj Chaudhary, Michael J. Claybon, Miguel Cruz, Milind Deogaonkar, Vikram Dhawan, Thomas Didier, D. John Doyle, Zeyd Ebrahim, Hesham Elsharkawy, Wael Ali Sakr Esa, Ehab Farag, Ryen D. Fons, Joseph J. Gemmete, Matt Giles, Phil Gillen, Goodarz Golmirzaie, Marcos Gomes, Lisa Grilly, Maged Guirguis, David W. Healy, Heather Hervey-Jumper, Shawn L. Hervey-Jumper, Paul E. Hilliard, Samuel A. Irefin, George K. Istaphanous, Teresa L. Jacobs, Ellen Janke, Greta Jo, James W. Jones, Rami Karroum, Allen Keebler, Stephen J. Kimatian, Colleen G. Koch, Robert Scott Kriss, Andrea Kurz, Jia Lin, Michael D. Maile, Negmeldeen F. Mamoun, Mariel Manlapaz, Edward Manno, Donn Marciniak, Piyush Mathur, Nicholas F. Marko, Matthew Martin, George A. Mashour, Marco Maurtua, Scott T. McCardle, Julie McClelland, Uma Menon, Paul S. Moor, Laurel E. Moore, Ruairi Moulding, Dileep R. Nair, Todd Nelson, Julie Niezgoda, Edward Noguera, Jerome O’Hara, Aditya S. Pandey, Mauricio Perilla, Paul Picton, Marc J. Popovich, J. Javier Provencio, Venkatakrishna Rajajee, Mohit Rastogi, Stacy Ritzman, Lauryn R. Rochlen, Leif Saager, Vivek Sabharwal, Oren Sagher, Kenneth Saliba, Milad Sharifpour, Lesli E. Skolarus, Paul Smythe, Wolf H. Stapelfeldt, William R. Stetler, Peter Stiles, Vijay Tarnal, Khoi D. Than, B. Gregory Thompson, Alparslan Turan, Christopher R. Turner, Justin Upp, Sumeet Vadera, Jennifer Vance, Anthony C. Wang, Robert J. Weil, Marnie B. Welch, Karen K. Wilkins, Erin S. Williams, George N. Youssef, Asma Zakaria, Sherif S. Zaky, Andrew Zura
- Edited by George A. Mashour, Ehab Farag
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- Book:
- Case Studies in Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care
- Published online:
- 03 May 2011
- Print publication:
- 03 February 2011, pp x-xvi
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