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SG-APSIC1100: Healthcare-associated infections in COVID-19 patients in Vietnam: Are we able to respond better?
- Thu Truong Anh, Dao Xuan Co, Do Ngoc Son, Pham The Thach, Luong Quoc Chinh, Huynh Xuan Nghiem, Nguyen Dai Vinh, Truong Thai Phuong, Pham Hong Nhung, Le Duc Nhan, Tran Thi Dung, Tran Thi Nga, Nguyen Quang Tuan
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- Journal:
- Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology / Volume 3 / Issue S1 / February 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 March 2023, p. s18
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- Article
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Objectives: Studies have revealed that a relatively high incidence of severe infection and mortality in COVID-19 patients is attributed to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). We implemented a study in 2 field hospitals dedicated to COVID-19 treatment in Da Nang, Vietnam (July–August 2020), and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (August–October 2021), to identify pathogens, risk factors, and outcomes associated with HAIs. Methods: We applied a prospective study tool to estimate HAI incidence among 1,454 patients. HAIs are diagnosed and ascertained using surveillance criteria established by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All patients hospitalized for COVID-19 for at least 2 days were enrolled in this assessment of HAI risks, pathogens, and outcomes. Results: Among 1,454 sampled patients, 391 patients had 423 HAIs (27.1%). The highest proportion occurred in ICUs, with 422 HAI patients (34.1%). Pneumonia (n = 331, 78.3%) and bloodstream infections (n = 55, 13.1%) were the most common HAIs. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumonia (27.9%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (25.3%), were the most commonly isolated organisms. Ventilators and central venous catheters were independently associated with HAIs. Regarding the mortality rates, 55% of deaths occurred in intensive care units. Patients with HAIs (70.3%) were twice as likely to die compared to patients without HAIs (38.8%). HAIs leading to septic shock caused almost triple mortality (n = 58, 90.6%) compared with non-HAI patients (n = 412, 38.8%). HAIs prolonged hospital stay: 24.7 days for patients with HAIs and 19.1 days for patients without HAIs (P < .001). Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19–related critical illnesses are at high risk of HAIs from multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. HAIs prolong hospitalization, whereas HAIs with septic shock almost tripled mortality. Guidelines and procedures to prevent and control HAIs caused by MDR bacteria as well as training and monitoring on aseptic-compliant techniques during invasive clinical procedures are needed.
4 - Resettlement Issues of Informal Settlement Areas in Ho Chi Minh City: From Large-scale Programmes to Micro-projects
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- By Franck Castiglioni, 1F rue Phelypeaux, 5e etage 69100 Villeurbanne, France, Ludovic Dewaele, chez Legrand Urtizberea 99 Chemin du Petit Poujeau 33290 Le Pian Medoc, France, Nguyen Quang Vinh, 400/7 Le Van Sy, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Edited by Patrick Gubry, Franck Castiglioni, Jean-Michel Cusset, Nguyen Thi Thieng, Pham Thuy Huong
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- Book:
- The Vietnamese City in Transition
- Published by:
- ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute
- Published online:
- 21 October 2015
- Print publication:
- 11 February 2010, pp 101-132
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Summary
Research Presentation
The present research is the outcome of multi-disciplinary teamwork between Lausanne Federal Polytechnic School–LaSUR Laboratory (Switzerland), the Centre of Sociology and Development (Vietnamese centre for sociology research based in Ho Chi Minh City) and the French NGO Villes en Transition or VeT (Cities in Transition), which managed a resettlement pilot project in Ho Chi Minh City in 2000. This project is the object of the present research.
The theoretical framework for this study consists in analysing the implementation and impact of large-scale resettlement operations in Ho Chi Minh City and of a resettlement micro-project carried out by VeT.
The methodology used for this research consists mainly of semi-directive interviews with the resettled people themselves, with social service providers from Vietnamese mass organizations, and with political and technical decision-makers involved in the resettlement operations studied.
This research has been an opportunity for exchanges as well as disagreements between stakeholders from diverging backgrounds as resettlement and its attendant issues are particularly sensitive in Vietnam.
The requirements of urbanization and the need to improve the environment and living conditions of disadvantaged populations have led to planned resettlement operations in Ho Chi Minh City. The large-scale programme for Nhieu Loc-Thi Nghe canal and the micro-project for the Binh Trung Dong ward (District 2) exemplify this.
Within this framework, we have focused on measuring the socioeconomic impact of resettlement operations: that is to say, the mechanisms which generate socioeconomic effects, whether they are socially beneficial or detrimental.
Our objective was not to establish a comparative analyse stricto sensu between large-scale programmes and a resettlement micro-project so as to determine which approach works best, since it is difficult to establish elements of comparison between an operation covering a population of about 20,000 households and a micro-project concerning a mere fifty-five households.
6 - The Relationship between Civic and Governmental Organizations in Vietnam: Selected Findings
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- By Joerg Wischermann, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Nguyen Quang Vinh, Institute of Social Sciences in Ho Chi Minh City
- Edited by Ben J. Tria Kerkvliet, Russell Hiang-Khng Heng, David Wee Hock Koh
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- Book:
- Getting Organized in Vietnam
- Published by:
- ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute
- Published online:
- 21 October 2015
- Print publication:
- 14 November 2003, pp 185-233
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Summary
For many years it was quite common, in the analysis of the Vietnamese political system, for American and European political scientists to presuppose a mono-organizational model of state–society relations. This model is not or no longer appropriate. Current research on Vietnam indicates “that a multiplicity of changes is underway in this country” (Thayer 1995, p. 59). We do not want to discuss whether such models ever were appropriate for analyzing Vietnam's socio-political development. Nor do we want to speculate on whether there was much more local activity and scope for “everyday politics” in Vietnam in the 1960s and the 1970s than previously imagined, as Thayer put it (ibid., p. 59). Instead, we would like to offer some empirical evidence for the thesis that a remarkable diversification of social, political, and economic practices has taken place in Vietnam since the official start of the “policy of reform” (doi moi) in 1986. One of these is an impressive variety of different types of what we call Civic Organizations. In Spring 2000, our research team identified more than 700 Civic Organizations in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.
We use the label Civic Organizations as a general term for a heterogeneous ensemble of non-state, voluntary, non-profit-oriented societal organizations (See also chapter 1). Within this set, we differentiate between Mass Organizations, Professionals' Associations, Issue-Oriented Organizations, and Associations of Businessmen/ women. We include even such organizations that many scholars call “Government-Run-and-Inspired Non-governmental Organizations” (GRINGOS), and hybrid organizations that function in a dual mode and are “amphibious”, to use Ding's term, (Ding 1994, p. 298). We do not presuppose specific relationships between these Civic Organizations and Governmental Organizations, but leave this issue open for discovery in the process of our empirical research. The organizations we analyze are “civic” in their concern for articulating interests and affecting policy (Diamond 1999, p. 265), but they are not necessarily “civic” in the way Putnam puts it. All of them enjoy at least some leeway in pursuing their respective activities.