3 results
Somatic multicomorbidity and disability in patients with psychiatric disorders in comparison to the general population: a quasi-epidemiological investigation in 54,826 subjects from 40 countries (COMET-G study)
- Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, Grigorios N. Karakatsoulis, Seri Abraham, Kristina Adorjan, Helal Uddin Ahmed, Renato D. Alarcón, Kiyomi Arai, Sani Salihu Auwal, Michael Berk, Sarah Bjedov, Julio Bobes, Teresa Bobes-Bascaran, Julie Bourgin-Duchesnay, Cristina Ana Bredicean, Laurynas Bukelskis, Akaki Burkadze, Indira Indiana Cabrera Abud, Ruby Castilla-Puentes, Marcelo Cetkovich, Hector Colon-Rivera, Ricardo Corral, Carla Cortez-Vergara, Piirika Crepin, Domenico De Berardis, Sergio Zamora Delgado, David De Lucena, Avinash De Sousa, Ramona Di Stefano, Seetal Dodd, Livia Priyanka Elek, Anna Elissa, Berta Erdelyi-Hamza, Gamze Erzin, Martin J. Etchevers, Peter Falkai, Adriana Farcas, Ilya Fedotov, Viktoriia Filatova, Nikolaos K. Fountoulakis, Iryna Frankova, Francesco Franza, Pedro Frias, Tatiana Galako, Cristian J. Garay, Leticia Garcia-Álvarez, Maria Paz García-Portilla, Xenia Gonda, Tomasz M. Gondek, Daniela Morera González, Hilary Gould, Paolo Grandinetti, Arturo Grau, Violeta Groudeva, Michal Hagin, Takayuki Harada, Tasdik M. Hasan, Nurul Azreen Hashim, Jan Hilbig, Sahadat Hossain, Rossitza Iakimova, Mona Ibrahim, Felicia Iftene, Yulia Ignatenko, Matias Irarrazaval, Zaliha Ismail, Jamila Ismayilova, Asaf Jakobs, Miro Jakovljević, Nenad Jakšić, Afzal Javed, Helin Yilmaz Kafali, Sagar Karia, Olga Kazakova, Doaa Khalifa, Olena Khaustova, Steve Koh, Svetlana Kopishinskaia, Korneliia Kosenko, Sotirios A. Koupidis, Illes Kovacs, Barbara Kulig, Alisha Lalljee, Justine Liewig, Abdul Majid, Evgeniia Malashonkova, Khamelia Malik, Najma Iqbal Malik, Gulay Mammadzada, Bilvesh Mandalia, Donatella Marazziti, Darko Marčinko, Stephanie Martinez, Eimantas Matiekus, Gabriela Mejia, Roha Saeed Memon, Xarah Elenne Meza Martínez, Dalia Mickevičiūtė, Roumen Milev, Muftau Mohammed, Alejandro Molina-López, Petr Morozov, Nuru Suleiman Muhammad, Filip Mustač, Mika S. Naor, Amira Nassieb, Alvydas Navickas, Tarek Okasha, Milena Pandova, Anca-Livia Panfil, Liliya Panteleeva, Ion Papava, Mikaella E. Patsali, Alexey Pavlichenko, Bojana Pejuskovic, Mariana Pinto Da Costa, Mikhail Popkov, Dina Popovic, Nor Jannah Nasution Raduan, Francisca Vargas Ramírez, Elmars Rancans, Salmi Razali, Federico Rebok, Anna Rewekant, Elena Ninoska Reyes Flores, María Teresa Rivera-Encinas, Pilar Saiz, Manuel Sánchez de Carmona, David Saucedo Martínez, Jo Anne Saw, Görkem Saygili, Patricia Schneidereit, Bhumika Shah, Tomohiro Shirasaka, Ketevan Silagadze, Satti Sitanggang, Oleg Skugarevsky, Anna Spikina, Sridevi Sira Mahalingappa, Maria Stoyanova, Anna Szczegielniak, Simona Claudia Tamasan, Giuseppe Tavormina, Maurilio Giuseppe Maria Tavormina, Pavlos N. Theodorakis, Mauricio Tohen, Eva Maria Tsapakis, Dina Tukhvatullina, Irfan Ullah, Ratnaraj Vaidya, Johann M. Vega-Dienstmaier, Jelena Vrublevska, Olivera Vukovic, Olga Vysotska, Natalia Widiasih, Anna Yashikhina, Panagiotis E. Prezerakos, Daria Smirnova
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- Journal:
- CNS Spectrums / Volume 29 / Issue 2 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 January 2024, pp. 126-149
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Background
The prevalence of medical illnesses is high among patients with psychiatric disorders. The current study aimed to investigate multi-comorbidity in patients with psychiatric disorders in comparison to the general population. Secondary aims were to investigate factors associated with metabolic syndrome and treatment appropriateness of mental disorders.
MethodsThe sample included 54,826 subjects (64.73% females; 34.15% males; 1.11% nonbinary gender) from 40 countries (COMET-G study). The analysis was based on the registration of previous history that could serve as a fair approximation for the lifetime prevalence of various medical conditions.
ResultsAbout 24.5% reported a history of somatic and 26.14% of mental disorders. Mental disorders were by far the most prevalent group of medical conditions. Comorbidity of any somatic with any mental disorder was reported by 8.21%. One-third to almost two-thirds of somatic patients were also suffering from a mental disorder depending on the severity and multicomorbidity. Bipolar and psychotic patients and to a lesser extent depressives, manifested an earlier (15–20 years) manifestation of somatic multicomorbidity, severe disability, and probably earlier death. The overwhelming majority of patients with mental disorders were not receiving treatment or were being treated in a way that was not recommended. Antipsychotics and antidepressants were not related to the development of metabolic syndrome.
ConclusionsThe finding that one-third to almost two-thirds of somatic patients also suffered from a mental disorder strongly suggests that psychiatry is the field with the most trans-specialty and interdisciplinary value and application points to the importance of teaching psychiatry and mental health in medical schools and also to the need for more technocratically oriented training of psychiatric residents.
Mental health and conspirasism in health care professionals during the spring 2020 COVID-19 lockdown in Greece
- Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, Maria K. Apostolidou, Marina B. Atsiova, Anna K. Filippidou, Angeliki K. Florou, Dimitra S. Gousiou, Aikaterini R. Katsara, Sofia N. Mantzari, Marina Padouva-Markoulaki, Evangelia I. Papatriantafyllou, Panagiota I. Sacharidi, Aikaterini I. Tonia, Eleni G. Tsagalidou, Vasiliki P. Zymara, Panagiotis E Prezerakos, Sotirios A. Koupidis, Nikolaos K. Fountoulakis, Anastasia Konsta, Eva Maria Tsapakis, Pavlos N. Theodorakis, Elias Mossialos
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- Journal:
- Acta Neuropsychiatrica / Volume 34 / Issue 3 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 December 2021, pp. 132-147
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Introduction:
The aim of the study was to investigate mental health and conspiracy theory beliefs concerning COVID-19 among health care professionals (HCPs).
Material and methods:During lockdown, an online questionnaire gathered data from 507 HCPs (432 females aged 33.86 ± 8.63 and 75 males aged 39.09 ± 9.54).
Statistical analysis:A post-stratification method to transform the study sample was used; descriptive statistics were calculated.
Results:Anxiety and probable depression were increased 1.5–2-fold and were higher in females and nurses. Previous history of depression was the main risk factor. The rates of believing in conspiracy theories concerning the COVID-19 were alarming with the majority of individuals (especially females) following some theory to at least some extend.
Conclusions:The current paper reports high rates of depression, distress and suicidal thoughts in the HCPs during the lockdown, with a high prevalence of beliefs in conspiracy theories. Female gender and previous history of depression acted as risk factors, while the belief in conspiracy theories might act as a protective factor. The results should be considered with caution due to the nature of the data (online survey on a self-selected but stratified sample).
Chapter 14 - The Role of Administrative Sanctions in Criminal Law: From Minor Offences to Corporate Misconduct
- Edited by Matthew Dyson, Benjamin Vogel
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- Book:
- The Limits of Criminal Law
- Published by:
- Intersentia
- Published online:
- 11 February 2021
- Print publication:
- 26 October 2020, pp 273-300
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Summary
INTRODUCTION
This chapter will deal with aspects of administrative sanctions imposed for otherwise criminally prosecutable offences in England and Wales (making some UK-wide remarks as well). England and Wales long ago embraced sanctions that relate to an offence but are administrative in nature. Offences can be rectified with a range of sanctions, yet there has been an increasing trend of using administrative tools to deal with offences of lower importance.
This chapter will analyse these offences, starting with the least serious. It will first examine everyday administrative-like sanctions of otherwise criminal offences, which is the traditional source of application in the area. This includes a variety of out-of-court disposals (OOCDs) that range from anti-social behaviour to traffic-related offences. It will then turn to business-related offences, namely serious fraud and competition law violations. The authorities tasked with investigating such offences (for example the Competition and Markets Authority) have executive responsibilities and may issue a fine, caution or another administrative tool to conclude the investigation in question.
OUT-OF-COURT DISPOSALS
The police and the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) have several alternatives to formal charges available to them) when dealing with offenders, both adults and minors. These include: (i) cannabis and khat warnings, (ii) simple cautions, (iii) conditional cautions, (iv) community resolutions, and (v) penalty notices for disorder. These disposals are also explored in the chapter on Alternative Enforcement, Chapter 17. The angle taken in this chapter is to examine the procedure and the underlying administrative reasoning behind issuing such sanctions. For that purpose it is considered that police officers form part of the administration, and therefore their OOCDs are administrative orders.
Through an OOCD, the offence is not further prosecuted in court. They have been in use for many years, particularly for minor traffic offences, but their range has expanded over the past few decades. Cautions for certain crimes have been around since the mid-1980s under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act. OOCDs are a more recent development introduced by the Home Office and relevant legislation.
According to the Home Office:
Out-of-court disposals allow the police to deal quickly and proportionately with low-level, often first-time offending which does not merit prosecution at court. This allows the police to spend more time on frontline duties and tackling serious crime.