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P045: Human trafficking awareness, a learning module for improved recognition of victims in the emergency room
- J. Deutscher, S. Miazga, H. Goez, T. Hillier, H. Lai
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine / Volume 19 / Issue S1 / May 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2017, p. S93
- Print publication:
- May 2017
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- Article
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Introduction/Innovation Concept: Estimates suggest that up to eighty-seven percent of human trafficking victims have come into contact with a healthcare provider during their exploitation and yet less than ten percent of emergency medicine (EM) physicians feel confident in identifying a victim. When provided with the relevant tools, medical personnel can aid in the recognition of victims and take the necessary steps in providing appropriate care when they present to the emergency department. Identifying this need for increased awareness in the urgent care setting, a module on human trafficking was implemented into the undergraduate medical education and departmental grand rounds. Methods: After identifying gaps in current medical education regarding screening for victims of human trafficking, a literature review was completed on the topic in medical education and utilized in constructing a list of objectives. These were then reviewed by community organizations that aid victims of trafficking and the Canadian Alliance of Medical Students Against Human Trafficking. Undergraduate medical students completed surveys prior to and following the learning module, in order to evaluate improvement in acquired knowledge. Curriculum, Tool, or Material: A one-hour lecture from ACT Alberta was given to undergraduate medical students as well as to residents and staff in departmental grand rounds. The session met the following objectives: defining human trafficking, recognition of victims, and identification of next steps in providing care. Additionally, an online module from Fraser Health was made available as an additional resource with case studies specific to emergency departments. The surveys consisted of 13 questions evaluating students’ knowledge on human trafficking and its prevalence in emergency medicine. The questions were a combination of a Likert scale, multiple choice, and short answer. There was a large amount of positive feedback from the students and comparison of the surveys showed that their knowledge in identifying victims had significantly improved. Conclusion: Medical students, residents, and staff may come into contact with victims of trafficking in the emergency department and yet less than three percent of emergency physicians have had training on how to recognize a victim. Implementing human trafficking awareness will impact EM medical education by providing victims a greater chance of being recognized and offered help when they present to the emergency room.
The Interaction of H Atoms with Interstellar Dust Particles: Models
- from 2 - Formation - Destruction
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- By V. Sidis, Laboratoire des Collisions Atomiques et Moléculaires (Unité Mixte de Recherche: CNRS – Université Paris Sud, No. 8625) Bâtiment 351, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, L. Jeloaica, Laboratoire des Collisions Atomiques et Moléculaires (Unité Mixte de Recherche: CNRS – Université Paris Sud, No. 8625) Bâtiment 351, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, A. G. Borisov, Laboratoire des Collisions Atomiques et Moléculaires (Unité Mixte de Recherche: CNRS – Université Paris Sud, No. 8625) Bâtiment 351, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, S. A. Deutscher, Laboratoire des Collisions Atomiques et Moléculaires (Unité Mixte de Recherche: CNRS – Université Paris Sud, No. 8625) Bâtiment 351, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Edited by F. Combes, Observatoire de Paris, DEMIRM, G. Pineau des Forets, Observatoire de Paris de Meudon, DAEC
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- Book:
- Molecular Hydrogen in Space
- Published online:
- 04 August 2010
- Print publication:
- 06 November 2000, pp 89-98
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Summary
Two topics of relevance for H2 formation in the interstellar medium are considered: (i) the interaction of H and H-H with a model-graphite surface (Coronene: C24H12), and (ii) H− formation by charge transfer in the interaction of H with a model-silicate surface (MgO{100} representing forsterite: Mg2SiO4{100}). The first topic is related to the frequently invoked Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Eley-Rideal mechanisms for H2 formation near carbonaceous zones of interstellar dust grains. Ab initio calculations based on Density Functional Theory are used. The second topic proposes a new scenario in which the efficient production of H− ions would subsequently enable the formation of H2 via associative detachment. It stems from recent work of the authors on charge transfer between neutral atoms and ionic insulators.
Introduction
The mechanism of H2 formation in the interstellar medium (ISM) is still an open problem. Owing to the temperature and density conditions existing in the ISM, 3-body recombination and radiative association processes in the gas phase are unable to account for actual H2 abundances. The existence of dust particles in the ISM has attracted the attention of astrophysicists as plausible catalysts or mediators of H-H recombination in space (Hollenbach and Salpeter (1970), Hollenbach and Salpeter (1971)). Current knowledge of interstellar dust particles (IDPs) indicates that they have both a carbonaceous and a silicate composition. This has in particular stimulated the investigation of the role graphitic bonds may have on H2 formation as a result of elementary interactions between H atoms and graphite-like surfaces or platelets.
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