2 results
22 - Hong Kong, SAR China: transitions and return to the motherland
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- By Peter W. H. Lee, The University of Hong Kong, Sunita Mahtani Stewart, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Kitty K. C. Chan, The University of Hong Kong
- Edited by James Georgas, University of Athens, Greece, John W. Berry, Queen's University, Ontario, Fons J. R. van de Vijver, Katholieke Universiteit Brabant, The Netherlands, Çigdem Kagitçibasi, Koç University, Istanbul, Ype H. Poortinga, Universiteit van Tilburg, The Netherlands
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- Book:
- Families Across Cultures
- Published online:
- 10 December 2009
- Print publication:
- 03 August 2006, pp 353-361
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- Chapter
- Export citation
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Summary
A HISTORICAL OUTLINE OF HONG KONG
Hong Kong is situated at the southeastern tip of the Chinese mainland. Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, the outlying islands, and the New Territories are collectively included as “Hong Kong,” spanning an area of 1,100 km2. Hong Kong became a British colony in 1841 after the Opium War. It began with a population of 3,650 scattered over 20 villages, and 2,000 fishermen living aboard their boats. Hong Kong received an unparalleled influx of immigrants from Guangdong and Shanghai in 1948–1949 after the defeat of the Chinese Nationalist Government. By mid-1950, the population had swelled to 2.2 million, and it currently stands at 6.8 million (Information Services Department of Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China, 2002b). In 1997, Hong Kong was re-united with Mainland China as a Special Administrative Region (SAR) under the one-country–two-systems principle. Hong Kong was promised a continuation of its pre-existing capitalistic and political system for fifty years.
ECOLOGICAL FEATURES
Mountains dominate Hong Kong's natural terrain. The main island of Hong Kong and nearby Kowloon peninsula are populated with high-rise residential and office buildings. Rural and farming land in the New Territories are increasingly rebuilt into residential complexes, giving rise to new towns. Hong Kong is linked with good roads, extensive railway and underground networks, and efficient public transport services. Communication and travel within Hong Kong can be made with ease.
31 - Pakistan: culture, community, and filial obligations in a Muslim society
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- By Riffat Moazam Zaman, Aga Khan University, Sunita Mahtani Stewart, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Taymiya Riffat Zaman, University of Michigan
- Edited by James Georgas, University of Athens, Greece, John W. Berry, Queen's University, Ontario, Fons J. R. van de Vijver, Katholieke Universiteit Brabant, The Netherlands, Çigdem Kagitçibasi, Koç University, Istanbul, Ype H. Poortinga, Universiteit van Tilburg, The Netherlands
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- Book:
- Families Across Cultures
- Published online:
- 10 December 2009
- Print publication:
- 03 August 2006, pp 427-434
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
A HISTORICAL OUTLINE OF PAKISTAN
Although Pakistan is a recent political creation, the roots of its culture and society can be traced back to the Indus Valley civilization (c. 2500–1600 BC). For the last 1,000 years, the regions that constitute Pakistan today have been predominantly Muslim. The rule of the Muslim Mughal Empire in India formally came to an end in 1857, when the British (who had originally entered India as traders in the early seventeenth century) placed India directly under the crown and made Queen Victoria the Empress of India. For the following hundred years India was a British colony, and in 1947 when the British left India, Pakistan became an independent nation and a national homeland for Muslims. After Partition, East Pakistan, which had many linguistic and cultural differences from West Pakistan, seceded to become Bangladesh in 1971. Pakistan's present-day population is approximately 140 million, making it the seventh most populous country in the world. Islamabad is its capital, with a population of 805,000.
ECOLOGICAL FEATURES
Pakistan is bordered by India in the east, China in the north, and Iran and Afghanistan in the west. The landscape of the country is diverse; it has a coastline on the Arabian sea, long stretches of desert, fertile plains, and some of the highest mountain peaks in the world. Pakistan is divided into four provinces: Sindh, Punjab, Baluchistan, and The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP).
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