3 results
seven - Leisure lives on the margins: (re)imagining youth in Glasgow's East End
- Edited by Shane Blackman, Canterbury Christ Church University, Ruth Rogers, Canterbury Christ Church University
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- Book:
- Youth Marginality in Britain
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 05 April 2022
- Print publication:
- 28 June 2017, pp 117-132
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Summary
Introduction
Compared to previous generations, young people today have increased resources to engage in leisure, as well as a greater range of activities from which to choose. Changing patterns of education and employment may have extended the period during which young people are dependent on their family and the state, but they have also increased the period in which young people are able to prioritise their social interests and have comparatively high levels of discretionary spending (Roberts, 2014). As a result, some sociologists have argued that the relationship between youth leisure and ‘old’ social divisions, such as class and place, have weakened (for example, Bennett, 2000; Miles, 2000; Muggleton, 2000) and that the leisure interests and activities of young people across the world have converged (Best and Kellner, 2003) as a result of the growth of globalised consumer industries and digital media.
There is also, however, a growing body of research which suggests that young people's leisure experiences continue to be shaped by local, place-based opportunity structures (Nayak, 2003; Pilkington and Johnson, 2003; O’Connor, 2005; Nilan and Feixa, 2006). In other words, while there is some evidence of convergence in young people's leisure interests, actual engagement in so-called ‘global youth culture’ remains stratified by structural factors (Ball et al, 2000), including neighbourhood of residence (Shildrick, 2006). Young people from marginalised communities, for example, are often ‘leisure poor’ due to a combination of financial constraints and lack of local provision (MacDonald and Marsh, 2005; Byrne et al, 2006).
The following chapter explores experiences of leisure among marginalised youth in the East End of Glasgow. The data presented, drawn from qualitative interviews and focus groups with young people aged 15 to 25 years, highlight the relative immobility of young people's leisure lives, which are primarily located in and around the family home. Declining participation in street-based leisure is attributed to increasing surveillance and social control, by parents and police, but also to wider processes of market-led regeneration and the commercialisation of urban amenities. Against a backdrop of labour market restructuring and state funding cuts, young people in the East End lack the financial means necessary to participate fully in commercialised leisure lifestyles. Some cope with this by retreating into the private sphere, hanging out with friends at home and online; others, however, adopt creative strategies to enable them to engage in commercialised leisure, albeit in marginal ways.
5 - Cross-border Flows of Students within the UK
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- By Susan Whittaker, PhD student at Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh, David Raffe, CES at the University of Edinburgh, Linda Croxford, University of Edinburgh
- Edited by Sheila Riddell, Elisabet Weedon, Sarah Minty
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- Book:
- Higher Education in Scotland and the UK
- Published by:
- Edinburgh University Press
- Published online:
- 05 August 2016
- Print publication:
- 12 November 2015, pp 71-89
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Summary
INTRODUCTION: WHY DO CROSS-BORDERFLOWS MATTER?
Around one in fourteen UK residents who enter full-time undergraduate courses move to a different home country of the UK to do so. In this chapter we examine the types of students who move, their reasons for doing so, and the trends and patterns of what we shall call ‘cross-border flows’. We also reflect on the ways in which devolution and related changes have influenced these flows. We start by considering why cross-border flows matter.
First, they matter for students and institutions. They allow students to access a wider range of higher education courses than may be available within the home country. They may provide educational benefits, broadening the horizons of the students who move. They may also benefit the institutions which these students enter, and the other students who attend them, by increasing the diversity of the student body. However, they thereby raise questions of fairness and equality of access. Many students may lack the resources, knowledge and confidence to consider and take up opportunities in a part of the UK in which they are not normally resident. Conversely some students, especially from Northern Ireland, may have to be mobile in order to access higher education (HE) at all. And if institutions only attract a socially unrepresentative group of students from the rest of the UK (rUK students), the benefits in terms of student diversity will be lost. Even when rUK students do enhance the diversity of institutions’ intakes, the benefits are not spread equally across institutions, some of which attract much higher proportions of rUK students than others.
Cross-border flows also matter to governments, and especially the devolved administrations, where they account for a much larger proportion of total student numbers than for England. They have implications for the supply of skilled manpower: students who leave the home country to study may not return when they have qualified. They have implications for the resourcing of universities and for the sustainability of the devolved administrations’ diverging funding arrangements. The devolved administrations have not increased fees for their own students to the same extent as in England, but they have charged English-level fees for rUK students and the fee income from these students has helped to alleviate funding pressures.
The Aspergillus nidulans hfa mutations affect genomic stability and cause diverse defects in cell cycle progression and cellular morphogenesis
- Michelle A. HUGHES, Deborah A. BARNETT, Zainon MOHD-NOOR, Susan L. WHITTAKER, John H. DOONAN, Susan J. ASSINDER
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- Journal:
- Mycological Research / Volume 104 / Issue 12 / December 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 January 2001, pp. 1439-1448
- Print publication:
- December 2000
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The hfa (high frequency of aneuploidy) mutants of Aspergillus nidulans carry conditional lethal (temperature-sensitive) defects which cause an increased frequency of aneuploids to be produced amongst their asexual progeny. When examined microscopically, most of the mutants grew and divided their nuclei at restrictive temperature, albeit more slowly than the wild-type, and aneuploidy was not attributable to an obvious cell cycle lesion. Exceptions were hfaB3 and hfaL1 which exhibited defects in nuclear division, although neither mutant arrested at a specific point in the cell cycle. Cells carrying hfaB3 contained only a single enlarged nucleus which was often transected (‘cut’) by the first septum and temperature-shift experiments showed that the mutation triggers aneuploidy by causing failure to properly exit mitosis. Although the hfaD1 mutant underwent nuclear division, it differed morphologically from wild-type by exhibiting a hyper-branching phenotype. The original hfaD1 isolate was shown also to carry a second unlinked mutation (designated hurA1) which confers resistance to hydroxyurea and partly alleviates the growth defects imposed by hfaD1.