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Slovenia: The Impact of Covid-19 on Family Relations in Slovenia
- Edited by Robin Fretwell Wilson, University of Illinois, June Carbone, University of Minnesota
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- Book:
- International Survey of Family Law 2022
- Published by:
- Intersentia
- Published online:
- 15 November 2023
- Print publication:
- 28 November 2022, pp 317-328
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Summary
Résumé
En mars 2020, la Slovénie a introduit des mesures visant à réduire la propagation du COVID-19. La pandémie de COVID-19 a eu des répercussions immédiates et profondes sur tous les domaines de notre vie (par exemple l’économie, la mobilité humaine, l’éducation et la santé). Il ne fait aucun doute que le COVID-19 a également eu une incidence sur les relations familiales. Cet article analyse les mesures législatives et les décisions judiciaires adoptées pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 en Slovénie. Une attention toute particulière est accordée aux relations parents-enfants, à l’adoption et au mariage.
INTRODUCTION
Infectious diseases and related epidemics or pandemics have left an indelible mark on history. They have caused widespread fear, suffering and death. All of these have impacted individuals, countries and, of course, family life. The current COVID-19 pandemic, which appeared in Europe in early 2020, has also had an immediate and profound impact on our established lives. The consequences immediately spread to almost all areas of our lives (for example, the economy, human mobility, education and health care). There is no doubt that COVID-19 has also impacted family relationships in all respects. As a particularly social and vulnerable group, children were or are still exposed to the impact and consequences of COVID-19. They faced the extinction of public life, the loss of friends and the death of relatives, schooling moved online, sports and cultural clubs did not function, etc. Restrictions on movement and curfews limited the dynamics of their lives mainly to the family environment, which did have its advantages. On the other hand, children became even more exposed to domestic violence and increased distress and fear, as many did not understand the new situation, which thus affected family relationships. Despite the multifaceted nature of the issues raised by the COVID-19 pandemic, this chapter focuses only on the impact and consequences in the area of family relations.
Slovenia The Role of the Slovene Public Notary in Property Relations between Partners under the (New) Family Code
- Edited by Margaret Brinig
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- Book:
- International Survey of Family Law 2021
- Published by:
- Intersentia
- Published online:
- 22 February 2022
- Print publication:
- 28 September 2021, pp 435-450
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Summary
Résumé
En Slovénie, le nouveau Code de la famille est entré en vigueur en avril 2019, remplaçant la loi sur le mariage et les relations familiales adoptée en 1976. Le nouveau Code de la famille a élargi le champ de compétence des notaires Slovènes. Il a ajouté une nouvelle compétence à celle existant déjà, à savoir les contrats concernant les relations patrimoniales entre époux que l’ancienne loi sur le mariage et les relations familiales ne réglementait pas. Il s’agit d’une nouveauté importante qui permet aux conjoints d’organiser leurs relations patrimoniales par contrat en fonction de leurs souhaits et de leurs attentes. Cela a renforcé l’autonomie des conjoints dans la réglementation de leurs relations mutuelles, tout en leur garantissant la sécurité juridiques appropriée. Sous l’empire de l’ancienne loi, ce domaine faisait l’objet d’une réglementation légale obligatoire et donc assez rigide. Dans le présent chapitre, l’auteur analyse la nouvelle réglementation relative aux contrats de mariage ainsi que les autres pouvoirs conférés aux notaires par le (nouveau) Code de la famille.
INTRODUCTION
In 2017, Slovenia finally got a long-awaited new family law regulation, namely the Family Code (FC). The FC was adopted on 21 March 2017, and entered into force on 15 April 2017. Due to preparations for the changes it would bring, its entry into force was postponed for two years. The FC came into force on 15 April 2019, replacing the Marriage and Family Relations Act (MFRA) of 1976, which had been in force for more than 40 years.
The FC brought many significant changes and innovations, one of the most important of which was related to notaries. The FC has increased the existing powers of Slovene notaries, introducing the possibility of contractual regulation of property relations between spouses, who are now able to withdraw from the legal property regime and regulate and adjust their property relations according to their wishes and expectations. Previous regulation under the MFRA was rigid, as it regulated only the mandatory property regime, which spouses could not change. But the so-called marital contract (in Slovene, ‘zenitna pogodba’) was, historically, known and regulated by the General Civil Code, which was in force in Slovenia until 1946.
Slovenia: New Regulation on Guardianship for Adults in Slovenia
- Edited by Margaret Brinig
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- Book:
- International Survey of Family Law 2020
- Published by:
- Intersentia
- Published online:
- 09 February 2021
- Print publication:
- 23 September 2020, pp 251-264
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Summary
Résumé
Après quarante ans, la Slovénie a finalement adopté un nouveau Code de la famille, qui apporte de nombreuses nouveautés. La tutelle des majeurs est l’une des plus importantes, puisqu’elle ne dépend plus de la perte de la capacité juridique. Si une personne majeure n’est pas capable de s’occuper de ses droits et prestations, elle doit être placée sous tutelle, mais elle ne doit plus être privée de sa capacité juridique. Cette personne devrait bénéficier de toute l’aide et de tout le soutien possibles pour conserver un maximum d’autonomie en fonction des circonstances qui lui sont propres. L’article souligne les principaux changements liés à la tutelle des adultes.
INTRODUCTION: NEW LEGISLATION ON FAMILY LAW MATTERS
Until April 2019, the main statute regulating family law in Slovenia was the Marriage and Family Relations Act (MFRA), adopted in 1976. The MFRA has been revised several times (1989, 2001, 2004), and two last revisions were mostly dedicated to changes regarding child law. On 23 March 2017, after almost a decade of negotiation and cooperation and two legislative referendums, the new Family Code (FC) was finally adopted. The new FC (with some exceptions) came into force on 15 April 2019. Slovenia also adopted, on 21 April 2016, new legislation regulating civil unions. The Civil Union Act (CUA) replaced the Civil Partnership Registration Act (CPRA) in 2005. Today, partners in same-sex civil unions have all the legal rights of spouses in marriages, with three exceptions. They cannot enter into marriage, or jointly adopt a child in Slovenia, or access in vitro fertilisation procedures in Slovenia (Articles 2(3) and 3(3) CUA).
Because the Slovenian FC transferred jurisdiction in many family matters to non-contentious courts governed by non-contentious procedures, the adoption of a new legal act was necessary for coordinated actions in court proceedings. On 6 March 2019 the Non-Contentious Civil Procedure Act (NCCPA-1) was adopted. The FC and the NCCPA-1 took effect from the same date (15 April 2019), ensuring that these two laws were coordinated.
THE PURPOSE OF GUARDIANSHIP FOR ADULTS
Prior to the adoption of the FC, guardianship for adults in Slovenia fell within the jurisdiction of social work centres (SWC).
Same-Sex Partnerships in Eastern Europe: Marriage, Registration or No Regulation?
- from Part I - Formalising a Same-Sex Relationship: Marriage and Partnership
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- By Suzana Kraljić, University of Maribor
- Edited by Katharina Boele-Woelki, Angelika Fuchs
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- Book:
- Same-Sex Relationships and Beyond
- Published by:
- Intersentia
- Published online:
- 29 September 2018
- Print publication:
- 31 March 2017, pp 55-76
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Summary
INTRODUCTION
If some decades ago marriage represented the only legally recognised and regulated partnership, today one cannot claim the same any longer. Thus, in individual states, the number of cohabitations also including more or less widely same-sex partnerships has notably increased. The various regulations differ, as on the one hand there are states emphasising a traditional partnership relation (therefore, marriage), and then there are states recognising and legally regulating same-sex partnerships in a certain way, and deriving from this rights and obligations (e.g. by registration or by de facto living community). The third group is composed of states making marriage available to same-sex partners and thereby totally equalising them with spouses.
All Eastern European countries (Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Bulgaria and Romania) have common roots. They were part of communist and socialist systems. Therefore, in the last 25 years, all Eastern European countries have been faced with political changes, new legislation, transitional problems. In many of them, religion still plays a very important role in everyday life and also in relation to legal questions or regulation of same-sex partnerships. Marriage as ‘traditional value and partnership relation ’ is in some countries still very strongly represented. But we cannot overlook the fact that in some Eastern European countries the majority of children are born outside wedlock: for example, in Estonia (59.7 per cent), Slovenia (56.8 per cent), Bulgaria (56.1 per cent), and Latvia (44.6 per cent). On the other hand, Croatia (16 per cent), Poland (21.2 per cent) and Lithuania (30 per cent) are the Eastern European countries with the lowest rate of children born outside wedlock.
In all Eastern European countries, there have also been many discussions, incentives and in some countries also constitutional referendums regarding the legal position and regulation of same-sex partnerships. In Eastern European countries, debates mostly concern the relation of ‘traditional marriages and families’ or ‘ modern non-traditional marriages and families’. And this is the difference with respect to the Western European countries, which in the last two decades have taken significant steps to improve the legal protection and rights of same-sex couples.