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Fundamental physics with the Square Kilometre Array
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- A. Weltman, P. Bull, S. Camera, K. Kelley, H. Padmanabhan, J. Pritchard, A. Raccanelli, S. Riemer-Sørensen, L. Shao, S. Andrianomena, E. Athanassoula, D. Bacon, R. Barkana, G. Bertone, C. Bœhm, C. Bonvin, A. Bosma, M. Brüggen, C. Burigana, F. Calore, J. A. R. Cembranos, C. Clarkson, R. M. T. Connors, Á. de la Cruz-Dombriz, P. K. S. Dunsby, J. Fonseca, N. Fornengo, D. Gaggero, I. Harrison, J. Larena, Y.-Z. Ma, R. Maartens, M. Méndez-Isla, S. D. Mohanty, S. Murray, D. Parkinson, A. Pourtsidou, P. J. Quinn, M. Regis, P. Saha, M. Sahlén, M. Sakellariadou, J. Silk, T. Trombetti, F. Vazza, T. Venumadhav, F. Vidotto, F. Villaescusa-Navarro, Y. Wang, C. Weniger, L. Wolz, F. Zhang, B. M. Gaensler
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- Journal:
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 37 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 January 2020, e002
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- Article
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The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is a planned large radio interferometer designed to operate over a wide range of frequencies, and with an order of magnitude greater sensitivity and survey speed than any current radio telescope. The SKA will address many important topics in astronomy, ranging from planet formation to distant galaxies. However, in this work, we consider the perspective of the SKA as a facility for studying physics. We review four areas in which the SKA is expected to make major contributions to our understanding of fundamental physics: cosmic dawn and reionisation; gravity and gravitational radiation; cosmology and dark energy; and dark matter and astroparticle physics. These discussions demonstrate that the SKA will be a spectacular physics machine, which will provide many new breakthroughs and novel insights on matter, energy, and spacetime.
Social stress and atherosclerosis in normocholesterolemic monkeys
- from Section 2 - Psychophysiological processes in disease
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- By J. R. Kaplan, University of Pittsburg, S. B. Manuck, University of Pittsburg, T. B. Clarkson, University of Pittsburg, F. M. Lusso, University of Pittsburg, D. M. Taub, University of Pittsburg, E. W. Miller, University of Pittsburg
- Edited by Andrew Steptoe, St George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, Jane Wardle, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London
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- Book:
- Psychosocial Processes and Health
- Published online:
- 05 August 2016
- Print publication:
- 24 November 1994, pp 141-146
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Summary
Abstract
Socially stressed adult male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fasdcularis) fed a low fat, low cholesterol diet developed more extensive coronary artery atherosclerosis than unstressed controls. Groups did not differ in serum lipids, blood pressure, serum glucose, or ponderosity. These results suggest that psychosocial factors may influence atherogenesis in the absence of elevated serum lipids. Psychosocial factors thus may help explain the presence of coronary artery disease (occasionally severe) in people with low or normal serum lipids and normal values for the other “traditional” risk factors.
The initiation and progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis is often associated with increased concentrations of lipids in the serum (1). Despite this association, many individuals develop severe atherosclerotic lesions while having low serum lipid concentrations, and others develop far more atherosclerosis than would be expected on the basis of a modest evaluation of serum lipids (2). Work with animal models suggests that some of this variability may be explained by the influence of hypertension and immunologic injury to arteries, (3, 4). Yet, much additional variability in atherosclerosis lesion extent remains unexplained, suggesting the existence of other pathogenic mechanisms among normocholesterolemic individuals. In recent years, psychosocial variables have been linked increasingly to ischemic heart disease in human beings (5) and psychosocial manipulations have been shown to exacerbate atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed cynomolgus monkeys, rabbits, and swine (6-8). At present, though, it is unclear whether psychosocial manipulations are capable of promoting atherogenesis in normocholesterolemic animals and, by implication, in human beings with low or normal serum cholesterol concentrations. The purpose of the present investigation was to provide an initial test of this hypothesis. Our results demonstrate that socially stressed monkeys fed a low fat, low cholesterol diet developed more extensive intimal lesions in the coronary arteries than control animals living under unstressed conditions. Moreover, the differences in lesion extent observed here were not associated with elevations or group differences in serum lipids, blood pressure, serum glucose, or ponderosity.
The experimental animals were 30 male, cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), imported as adults from Malaysia and the Philippine Islands. They were assigned to two experimental conditions (designated the “stressed” and “unstressed” conditions), and within each condition (N = 15), the monkeys were divided randomly into three, five-member groups. During the study, all groups were housed separately in identical pens measuring 2.0 by 3.2 by 2.5 m.