The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological response of a bone substitute material placed around Ti dental implants surgically positioned in tooth extraction sites of canine mandible. Under general anesthesia six adult mongrel canine had bilateral extractions of the fourth premolarbicuspid. Each extraction site was modeled into a 4 wall defect with box-like dimensions (1.0 mm vertically x 1.2 mm horizontally x 0.75 mm laterally). Utilizing the Branemark technique, screwtype implants with healing screws (10 mm x 4 mm), were placed in the prepared sites. A synthetic hydroxyapatite bone cement (HAC) [BoneSource®, Howmedica Laboratories, Inc.] was prepared and filled in around each implant. As controls, three canine had HAC placed in prepared sites without implants. Prior to periodontal flap suture closure a n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate biodegradable tissue adhesive [Histoacryl®], was placed over implants and HAC. One canine each was euthanized at one month (m), two m, and three m postop.