2 results
The effect of topical xylometazoline on Eustachian tube function
- K S Joshi, V W Q Ho, M E Smith, J R Tysome
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 134 / Issue 1 / January 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 January 2020, pp. 29-33
- Print publication:
- January 2020
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- Article
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Background
Topical nasal decongestants are frequently used as part of the medical management of symptoms related to Eustachian tube dysfunction.
ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the effect of topical xylometazoline hydrochloride sprayed in the anterior part of the nose on Eustachian tube active and passive opening in healthy ears.
MethodsActive and passive Eustachian tube function was assessed in healthy subjects before and after intranasal administration of xylometazoline spray, using tympanometry, video otoscopy, sonotubometry, tubo-tympano-aerodynamic-graphy and tubomanometry.
ResultsResting middle-ear pressures were not significantly different following decongestant application. Eustachian tube opening rate was not significantly different following the intervention, as measured by all function tests used. Sonotubometry data showed a significant increase in the duration of Eustachian tube opening following decongestant application.
ConclusionThere remains little or no evidence that topical nasal decongestants improve Eustachian tube function. Sonotubometry findings do suggest that further investigation with an obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction patient cohort is warranted.
2 - Vortices
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- By J. M. Lopez, A. D. Perry, P. Koumoutsakos, A. Leonard, M. P. Escudier, G. J. F. Van Heijst, R. C. Kloosterziel, C. W. M. Williams, H. Higuchi, H. Balligand, M. Visbal, G. D. Miller, C. H. K. Williamson, H. Higuchi, F. M. Payne, R. C. Nelson, T. T. Ng, Q. Rahaman, A. Alvarez-Toledo, B. Parker, C. M. Ho, T. Leweke, M. Provansal, D. Ormières, R. Lebescond, J. C. Owen, A. A. Szewczyk, P. W. Bearman, G. J. F. Van Heijst, J. B. Flór, C. Seren, M. V. Melander, N. J. Zabusky, P. Petitjeans, R. Hancock
- M. Samimy, Ohio State University, K. S. Breuer, Brown University, Rhode Island, L. G. Leal, University of California, Santa Barbara, P. H. Steen, Cornell University, New York
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- Book:
- A Gallery of Fluid Motion
- Published online:
- 25 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 12 January 2004, pp 11-27
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- Chapter
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Summary
Periodic axisymmetric vortex breakdown in a cylinder with a rotating end wall
When the fluid inside a completely filled cylinder is set in motion by the rotation of the bottom end wall, steady and unsteady axisymmetric vortex breakdown is possible. The onset of unsteadiness is via a Hopf bifurcation.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the flow inside the cylinder where marker particles have been released from an elliptic ring concentric with the axis of symmetry near the top end wall. This periodic flow corresponds to a Reynolds number Re=2765 and cylinder aspect ratio H/R=2.5. Neighboring particles have been grouped to define a sheet of marker fluid and the local transparency of the sheet has been made proportional to its local stretching. The resultant dye sheet takes on an asymmetric shape, even though the flow is axisymmetric, due to the unsteadiness and the asymmetric release of marker particles.When the release is symmetric, as in Fig. 2, the dye sheet is also symmetric. These two figures are snapshots of the dye sheet after three periods of the oscillation (a period is approximately 36.3 rotations of the end wall). Figure 3 is a cross section of the dye sheet in Fig. 2 after 26 periods of the oscillation. Here only the marker particles are shown. They are colored according to their time of release, the oldest being blue, through green and yellow, and the most recently released being red. Comparison with Escudier's experiment shows very close agreement.
The particle equations of motion correspond to a Hamiltonian dynamical system and an appropriate.