3 results
Psychiatric Inpatient Healthcare Resource Utilization and Treatment Patterns Among Patients With Predominant Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia
- Rashmi Patel, Darshan Mehta, Aditi Kadakia, Yida Won, Carole Dembek, Gwilym Williams, Xueyan Huang, Courtney Zeni, Andrei Pikalov
-
- Journal:
- CNS Spectrums / Volume 28 / Issue 2 / April 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 April 2023, pp. 222-223
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Introduction
Currently approved treatments for schizophrenia (antipsychotics) have demonstrated effectiveness for treating positive symptoms; however, these agents are largely ineffective in treating other domains. Negative symptoms, including avolition, alogia, blunted affect, and asociality, are difficult to treat, and often persist despite adequate control of positive symptoms. Additionally, some patients experience “predominant” (moderate-to-severe negative symptoms that have greater relative severity than co-occurring positive symptoms) or “prominent” (severity of negative symptoms [moderate-to-severe] without any reference to positive symptoms) negative symptoms. These symptoms are known to have great impact on patient social functioning and quality of life, and are associated with poorer clinical course and outcomes for patients. Here, we examined inpatient healthcare resource utilization in patients with schizophrenia experiencing predominantly negative symptoms (PNS).
MethodsDe-identified data were extracted from electronic health records in the NeuroBlu Database across 25 US mental healthcare providers. Positive and negative symptom data were derived from free-text records using natural language processing. PNS was defined as the presence of three or more negative symptoms and three or fewer positive symptoms at first clinical contact following schizophrenia diagnosis. Groups were balanced for baseline demographic and clinical characteristics by minimizing the generalized Mahalanobis distance and compared using chi-square and t-tests. Treatment patterns were visualized using Sankey diagrams.
ResultsA total of 4444 patients with schizophrenia were identified and 8% were classified as PNS. A balanced cohort of 720 patients (50% PNS) was generated. Patients with PNS were more likely to be hospitalized in the 12 months following diagnosis (PNS: 76%, non-PNS: 60%, χ2: 22.5, p < 0.001) and were switched to a second-line antipsychotic after a shorter first-line treatment duration. The most frequently prescribed antipsychotics differed between groups (PNS: risperidone, aripiprazole, haloperidol; non-PNS: risperidone, olanzapine, other atypical).
DiscussionThis study demonstrates that negative symptoms in schizophrenia may be associated with worse illness course and higher healthcare resource utilization. There remains a need for new treatment options for patients with persistent, prominent, or predominant negative symptoms which specifically improve this historically hard-to-treat and assess symptom domain.
FundingSunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
2 - Cloud Radio Access Networks for 5G Systems
- from Part I - Communication Network Architectures for 5G Systems
-
- By I Chih-Lin, China Mobile Research Institute, China, Jinri Huang, China Mobile Research Institute, China, Xueyan Huang, China Mobile Research Institute, China, Rongwei Ren, China Mobile Research Institute, China, Yami Chen, China Mobile Research Institute
- Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Robert Schober, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Li-Chun Wang, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
-
- Book:
- Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
- Published online:
- 28 April 2017
- Print publication:
- 02 March 2017, pp 27-47
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
According to a report from Cisco [1], global mobile data traffic will continue to grow rapidly from 2015 to 2020. Meanwhile, the fifth generation (5G) is required to enhance the telecommunications infrastructure and provide new information services to support vertical applications in a variety of industrial areas, such as agriculture, medicine, finance, transportation, manufacturing, and education. Therefore, 5G requires innovative solutions to meet new demands from both the mobile Internet and the Internet of Things (IoT) in terms of user-experienced data rate improvement, latency reduction, connection density and area capacity density enhancement, mobility enhancement, and spectral efficiency and energy efficiency improvements.
According to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the current 5G scenarios can be divided into three categories: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). Hotspots (indoor/outdoor), wide-area coverage, and high speed are typical use cases. Performance measures of human-centric communications such as the ultimate user experience are primary targets in the eMBB scenario. Use cases of mMTC include the monitoring and automation of buildings and infrastructure, smart agriculture, logistics, tracking, and fleet management. A high connection density, low complexity and cost, and long battery life are essential objectives in the mMTC scenario. There are many representative use cases related to URLLC, such as remote machinery and intelligent transportation systems. Low latency and high reliability are key points that need to be taken into account in the design of the radio technology in order to solve the problem of the specific requirements of URLLC scenarios.
Rethinking the Fundamentals for 5G Systems
The 5G network is anticipated to be soft, green, and superfast [2]. To meet the critical requirements for various scenarios, it is simply not enough for 5G to evolve from current fourth generation (4G) systems. Rather, it requires a revolutionary path. In [2–4], it was proposed to rethink the fundamentals from seven perspectives, such as architectures, protocols, and functions, to revolutionarily redesign future 5G networks, including:
1. Rethinking Shannon, which is to take a green metric such as the energy efficiency as a key performance indicator of wireless systems.
2. Rethinking Ring and Young, which is to break the boundary of conventional cells. As we move toward the timeline of 2020 with the introduction of heterogeneous networks (HetNets) and ultra-dense networks (UDNs), multiple layers of radio networks have come into being.
Characteristics of Strained GaAsSb(N)/InP Quantum Wells Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition on InP Substrates
- Dapeng Xu, Juno Yu-Ting Huang, Joo Hyung Park, Luke J Mawst, Thomas F Kuech, XUEYAN SONG, Susan E Babcock
-
- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 994 / 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, 0994-F11-01
- Print publication:
- 2007
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
GaAsSb (N) superattices (SLs) grown on InP substrates using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy are investigated by high resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD), low temperature photoluminescence (PL), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD shows very sharp satellite peaks and pendellosung fringes, which indicates excellent crystalline quality and abrupt interfaces in the GaAsSb (N)/InP SL, with Sb varies with 0.2 to 0.7. Low temperature PL shows clearly different features between the 25% Sb and 44% Sb samples. A band alignment difference is proposed to explain these behaviors. Experimental data establishes that the transition from a type-I to a type-II heterostructure occurs for a Sb-content of approximately 40%, which agrees well with the prediction by Model Solid Theory. While N incorporation degrades the PL intensity, it also provides the greater electron confinement needed to achieve mid-IR emission from GaAsSbN/GaAsSb type-II QWs