2 results
Neural habituation during acute stress signals a blunted endocrine response and poor resilience
- Yadong Liu, Xiaolin Zhao, Weiyu Hu, Yipeng Ren, Zhenni Wei, Xi Ren, Zihan Tang, Nan Wang, Haopeng Chen, Yizhuo Li, Zhenhao Shi, Shaozheng Qin, Juan Yang
-
- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 16 / December 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 June 2023, pp. 7735-7745
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Background
A blunted hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis response to acute stress is associated with psychiatric symptoms. Although the prefrontal cortex and limbic areas are important regulators of the HPA axis, whether the neural habituation of these regions during stress signals both blunted HPA axis responses and psychiatric symptoms remains unclear. In this study, neural habituation during acute stress and its associations with the stress cortisol response, resilience, and depression were evaluated.
MethodsSeventy-seven participants (17–22 years old, 37 women) were recruited for a ScanSTRESS brain imaging study, and the activation changes between the first and last stress blocks were used as the neural habituation index. Meanwhile, participants' salivary cortisol during test was collected. Individual-level resilience and depression were measured using questionnaires. Correlation and moderation analyses were conducted to investigate the association between neural habituation and endocrine data and mental symptoms. Validated analyses were conducted using a Montreal Image Stress Test dataset in another independent sample (48 participants; 17–22 years old, 24 women).
ResultsNeural habituation of the prefrontal cortex and limbic area was negatively correlated with cortisol responses in both datasets. In the ScanSTRESS paradigm, neural habituation was both positively correlated with depression and negatively correlated with resilience. Moreover, resilience moderated the relationship between neural habituation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and cortisol response.
ConclusionsThis study suggested that neural habituation of the prefrontal cortex and limbic area could reflect motivation dysregulation during repeated failures and negative feedback, which might further lead to maladaptive mental states.
ten - Knowledge mobilisation and education policy making in China
- Edited by Ben Levin, University of Toronto, Jie Qi, Hilary Edelstein, Jacqueline Sohn
- Foreword by Andreas Schleicher
-
- Book:
- The Impact of Research in Education
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 03 February 2022
- Print publication:
- 31 July 2013, pp 183-208
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Acknowledgement
This chapter could not have been finished without support from the faculty of education, Beijing Normal University (BNU). The chapter is a team effort. We would like to give our thanks to the Department of Development at BNU for the provision of data. We are grateful to all the people who have provided support. We are grateful to Professor Camel from Queensland University of Technology, Australia, for designing the topic of knowledge mobilisation and to Professor Julia Pan from OISE, University of Toronto for her hard work in editing the chapter. Special thanks are given to two professors from Beijing Normal University, Professor Zuoyu Zhou and Professor Jiayong Li.
Introduction
This chapter uses the lens of knowledge mobilisation (KM) to look at issues in education in the People's Republic of China. The authors try to answer the following questions. What is the current state of KM work in China? What are the characteristics of education policy making in China and how does KM relate to it? The chapter is divided into five sections. The first part provides some background about the Chinese education system, research capacity and the major achievements of recent education reforms. The second part examines education research institutes to see how they have been influencing policy, especially at the national governmental level. In the third part, the features of KM in China are portrayed. The fourth section describes four challenges China is facing. In the last part, a general picture of KM is outlined.
The Chinese education system and education research
An important background point to keep in mind about China is size and scale. China has a population about four times as large as the next largest country in this collection – the US. It is also geographically large and ethnically diverse. All of this creates huge challenges in delivering high-quality higher education and research in a country that 60 years ago was desperately poor. It also means that the numbers involved in anything national are massive. Compare Canada's few thousand education researchers and faculty members with the 230,000 or so in China.