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87 results

Page 1 of 5

  • 3 - Oikeiōsis and the Origin of Virtue

  • from Part II - The Role of Virtue
  • Edited by Raphael Woolf, King's College London
  • Book:
    Cicero's ‘De Officiis'
    Published online:
    15 June 2023
    Print publication:
    29 June 2023, pp 63-77

  • Summary

    In book 1.11-20 of De Officiis, Cicero draws on the work of Panaetius to give an account of how the most basic, in-built features of human nature provide a foundation for the cardinal virtues. His account begins from the basic drive for self-preservation which is the usual starting point for the canonical Stoic doctrine of oikeiōsis. The developments that Cicero claims follow from this fundamental starting point are, however, quite different from those which ensue on the other preserved accounts of oikeiōsis, such as that reported for Chrysippus in Diogenes Laërtius 7.85-86, the account in Cicero’s De Finibus 3.16-25 and the one in letter 121 of Seneca. It is also importantly different from the more complex account attributed to Posidonius by Galen in On the Doctrines of Plato and Hippocrates 5.5.8-9. By comparing and contrasting Cicero’s theory in the De Officiis with these other accounts, this chapter will explore important facets of Cicero’s philosophical method, his originality in adapting Panaetius’ theory to his own purposes, and the merits of the novel doctrine he embraced in his final philosophical work.

  • Chapter 6 - The Second Century ce

  • Brad Inwood, Yale University, Connecticut
  • Book:
    Later Stoicism 155 BC to AD 200
    Published online:
    30 April 2022
    Print publication:
    19 May 2022, pp 444-551

  • Summary

    Covers the last century of the school’s activity, including lesser-known figures such as Euphrates, Hierocles, Cleomedes, Philopator and Aurelius Heraclides, as well as Marcus Aurelius. Emphasizes the amount of activity in physics and logic as well as in ethics.

  • Chapter 1 - The First Hundred Years

  • Brad Inwood, Yale University, Connecticut
  • Book:
    Later Stoicism 155 BC to AD 200
    Published online:
    30 April 2022
    Print publication:
    19 May 2022, pp 6-83

  • Summary

    Includes some aspects of Diogenes of Babylon’s philosophy, but focusses on the impact of the Academic Carneades on Stoicism from Antipater of Tarsus onwards. Extensive coverage of Panaetius of Rhodes and his students, including Hecaton. Balances the contributions of both innovative thinkers and more conservative Stoics.

  • Chapter 2 - Posidonius

  • Brad Inwood, Yale University, Connecticut
  • Book:
    Later Stoicism 155 BC to AD 200
    Published online:
    30 April 2022
    Print publication:
    19 May 2022, pp 84-153

  • Summary

    The chapter is devoted to the work of Posidonius in all its aspects and argues that he created a second major synthesis of Stoic thought, expanding the school’s attention to the sciences and history while making innovations in logic, physics and ethics. Argues that Posidonius was a more conservative Stoic than is often thought.

Later Stoicism 155 BC to AD 200
  • An Introduction and Collection of Sources in Translation
  • Brad Inwood
  • Published online:
    30 April 2022
    Print publication:
    19 May 2022
  • Most modern readers of the Stoics think first of later authors such as Seneca, Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius. Existing works like Long and Sedley's The Hellenistic Philosophers concentrate on the Stoics of the early school. This book focusses on the more influential later school, including key figures like Panaetius and Posidonius, and provides well-chosen selections from the full range of Stoic thinkers. It emphasizes their important work in logic, physics and cosmology as well as in ethics. Fresh translations and incisive commentary present a picture of Stoic thought informed by up-to-date historical research and philosophical analysis. The book will be essential for scholars and students of ancient philosophy and of Hellenistic and Roman culture.

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