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Chronic headache, including migraine, is often associated with psychiatric conditions and adverse childhood experiences. This study examines the feasibility of Creating Calm (CC), a modified form of Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy (EAET) that targets the emotional impacts of adversity in headache patients at a tertiary headache center. We also explored changes in headache days, disability, psychosocial well-being and possible mechanisms to plan for a randomized controlled trial.
Methods:
We conducted a prospective single-arm pragmatic pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of CC delivered as nine weekly group telehealth sessions in a tertiary headache clinic for adults with high-frequency episodic and chronic headache. Continuation of medical treatments was consistent with the pragmatic design. CC integrates education, mindfulness, cognitive and behavioral approaches, with an emotion-focused mind-body approach used in EAET. Feasibility was based on recruitment, retention and adherence measures. Acceptability was measured through participant satisfaction. We also explored changes in headache, psychosocial and mechanism measures before, after, and 2 months post-treatment.
Results:
Of the 33 participants recruited, 30 (91%) completed at least 7 out of 9 sessions, and 28 (85%) completed surveys. Participants reported satisfaction with the intervention (mean [SD] 47.6 [10.4] out of 60 Satisfaction with Therapy and Therapist Scale-Revised [STTS-R]). Exploratory analyses found a signal of reduction in headache days per month (mean [SD], 20.8 [7.6] to 15.5 [7.8], p = 0.004), disability, depression and improvement in global mental health following intervention.
Conclusion:
This real-world pilot study supports the feasibility and acceptability of modified EAET for patients with headache, warranting a prospective randomized clinical trial.
Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) is an evidence-based treatment modality for older adults. Similar to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), STPP refers to a family of distinct but overlapping therapies that share similar features. All STPP modalities are rooted in psychoanalytic theory and share the notion that unconscious emotional conflicts are largely responsible for our patients’ symptoms and suffering.
Psychotherapy in Later Life is a practical how-to-guide for psychiatrists, psychologists and mental health workers on choosing and delivering evidence-based psychological therapies to older adults. It covers all the main evidence-based psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), as well as specialist topics such as combining psychotherapy with pharmacological treatments, working with diverse populations and individual versus group therapy. The World Health Organization estimates that over the next four decades, the proportion of the world's older adults will nearly double, from twelve percent to twenty-two percent, and that one in five older adults has a diagnosable mental health disorder. Given the increasing number of older adults requiring mental health treatment, incorporating talking therapies into treatment plans is key to tackling issues related to polypharmacy, medication interactions and side effects. Written by experts in geriatric mental health, this book provides the most authoritative information on the use of psychotherapy in older adults.
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