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1 - Genome and proteome analysis of industrial fungi
- from I - Comparative and functional fungal genomics
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- By S. E. Baker, Fungal Biotechnology Team MSIN: K2–12 Chemical and Biological Processes Development Group Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Blvd. Richland WA 99352 USA, C. F. Wend, Fungal Biotechnology Team MSIN: K2–12 Chemical and Biological Processes Development Group Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Blvd. Richland WA 99352 USA, D. Martinez, Genome Annotation and Analysis Joint Genome Institute Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA, J. K. Magnuson, Fungal Biotechnology Team MSIN: K2–12 Chemical and Biological Processes Development Group Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Blvd. Richland WA 99352 USA, E. A. Panisko, Fungal Biotechnology Team MSIN: K2–12 Chemical and Biological Processes Development Group Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Blvd. Richland WA 99352 USA, Z. Dai, Fungal Biotechnology Team MSIN: K2–12 Chemical and Biological Processes Development Group Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Blvd. Richland WA 99352 USA, K. S. Bruno, Fungal Biotechnology Team MSIN: K2–12 Chemical and Biological Processes Development Group Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Blvd. Richland WA 99352 USA, K. K. Anderson, Decision & Sensor Analytics Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 906 Battelle Blvd. Richland WA 99352 USA, M. E. Monroe, Biological Separations and Mass Spectrometry Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 3335 Q Avenue Richland WA 99352 USA, D. S. Daly, Statistical Sciences Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 3180 George Washington Way Richland WA 99352 USA, L. L. Lasure, Fungal Biotechnology Team MSIN: K2–12 Chemical and Biological Processes Development Group Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Blvd. Richland WA 99352 USA
- Edited by G. D. Robson, University of Manchester, Pieter van West, University of Aberdeen, Geoffrey Gadd, University of Dundee
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- Book:
- Exploitation of Fungi
- Published online:
- 05 October 2013
- Print publication:
- 24 May 2007, pp 3-9
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Summary
Background
In order to decrease dependence on petroleum, the United States Department of Energy (USDOE) Office of the Biomass Program (OBP) is investing in research and development to enable its vision of the biorefinery. The biorefinery will decrease the use of petroleum through conversion of biomass such as crops or agricultural waste into fuels and products.
In 2004, the USDOE OBP asked researchers at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to prepare a list of the top ten building-block chemicals that can be derived from simple sugars by biological and/or chemical means. The resulting list of twelve building-block chemicals and the accompanying report (www.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/35523.pdf) form an informational foundation on which future DOE and industry bioproducts research will be built (Table 1.1).
How do fungi fit into the biorefinery? Analysis of the ‘top ten’ study indicates that nine of the top twelve chemical building blocks are currently produced, or may potentially be produced, by fungal fermentation processes. However, a significant barrier to the use of bio-based products is the economic feasibility – fuels and products must be price-competitive with those derived from petroleum. An obvious way to decrease the costs of biobased products from fungi is to make fermentation strains more productive and processes more efficient. Traditional strain improvement programmes typically span a timescale measured in decades and process development done through the use of batch cultures is extremely labour intensive.
A System for Studying Carbon Allocation in Plants Using 11C-Labeled Carbon Dioxide
- Youhanna Fares, J D Goeschl, C E Magnuson, C E Nelson, B R Strain, C H Jaeger, E G Bilpuch
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- Journal:
- Radiocarbon / Volume 25 / Issue 2 / 1983
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 July 2016, pp. 429-439
- Print publication:
- 1983
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- Article
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The effects of environmental factors such as water stress, elevated CO2, or temperature on carbon assimilation and allocation in plants have been studied extensively (Gifford and Evans, 1981; Loomis, Rabbinge, and Ng, 1979; Neales and Incoll, 1968). However, the interactions of these processes are not well understood and cannot be predicted with any degree of confidence. Continuous and simultaneous measurements of photosynthesis, transport, and sink activity have never been made during the short- and long-term responses of live, intact plants to step changes in environmental factors. Thus, direct environmental effects and adaptive responses of plants are generally not distinguished. This results in part from limitation in experimental techniques and protocol used in past studies and the lack of experimental validation of hypotheses and models (eg, Goeschl et al, 1976; Magnuson et al, 1979; Smith et al, 1970) dealing with these problems. This paper describes in detail the components of an integrated technique for studying carbon assimilation, transportation and allocation in intact live plants under any set of environmental conditions, using continuously produced 11CO2.