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Men's Reproductive and Sexual Health Throughout the Lifespan
  • An Integrated Approach to Fertility, Sexual Function, and Vitality
  • Edited by Douglas T. Carrell, Alexander W. Pastuszak, James M. Hotaling
  • Published online:
    06 December 2023
    Print publication:
    16 November 2023
  • Approximately one in twenty men have sperm counts low enough to impair fertility but little progress has been made in answering fundamental questions in andrology or in developing new diagnostic tools or management strategies in infertile men. Many of these problems increase with age, leading to a growing population of men seeking help. To address this, there is a strong movement towards integrating male reproductive and sexual healthcare involving clinicians such as andrologists, urologists, endocrinologists and counselors. This book will emphasize this integrated approach to male reproductive and sexual health throughout the lifespan. Practical advice on how to perform both clinical and laboratory evaluations of infertile men is given, as well as a variety of methods for medically and surgically managing common issues. This text ties together the three major pillars of clinical andrology: clinical care, the andrology laboratory, and translational research.

  • Chapter 10 - Aging and Environmental Interactions with the Sperm Epigenome

  • from Section 2 - The Biology of Male Reproduction and Infertility
  • Edited by Douglas T. Carrell, Utah Center for Reproductive Medicine, Alexander W. Pastuszak, University of Utah, James M. Hotaling, Utah Center for Reproductive Medicine
  • Book:
    Men's Reproductive and Sexual Health Throughout the Lifespan
    Published online:
    06 December 2023
    Print publication:
    16 November 2023, pp 81-86

  • Summary

    The definition of epigenetics has been redefined in the last decades and today is generally accepted as the study of heritable factors, other than DNA base pair coding, that regulate gene expression. In this chapter, we briefly review the main epigenetic factors that exist in spermatozoa (e.g., histone and chromatin modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs [ncRNAs]) and underline the associations and effects of aging, adiposity, and some lifestyle and environmental factors on the sperm epigenome. In conclusion, further work needs to be done to establish whether the changes of sperm epigenome triggered by aging, adiposity, diet, and smoking can have not only implications for the reproductive health but also for the future offspring.

  • Chapter 21 - DNA Damage: COMET Assay

  • Edited by Ashok Agarwal, Ralf Henkel, University of the Western Cape, South Africa, Ahmad Majzoub
  • Book:
    Manual of Sperm Function Testing in Human Assisted Reproduction
    Published online:
    05 April 2021
    Print publication:
    15 April 2021, pp 202-212

  • Summary

    Sperm are highly specialized cells, evolved to function as vehicles for the transport of the paternal genome to the oocyte. The sperm cell is characterized by a distinct head, mid-piece and tail, structured for a streamlined function. The sperm head consists of the haploid paternal genome (23 chromosomes), packed in a specific tight manner with the help of specialized proteins called protamines. The mid-piece consists of the centrosome and mitochondria, organelles that provide energy for sperm propulsion from the tail. The unique sperm structure, complimented with its motility, helps the sperm to swim through the male and female reproductive tract and penetrate the egg. Therefore, the primary function of the sperm is to successfully deliver the paternal genome to the oocyte.

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