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150 results

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  • How does stigma impact acts of compassion among people with borderline personality disorder

  • Catrin Street-Mattox, Matthew R. Broome, Fiona Ng, Lowri Griffiths, Gerald Jordan
  • Journal:
    Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    30 January 2025, pp. 1-7

  • Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a highly stigmatised mental disorder. A variety of research exists highlighting the stigma experienced by individuals with BPD and the impacts of such prejudices on their lives. Similarly, much research exists on the benefits of engaging in compassionate acts, including improved mental health recovery. However, there is a notable gap in understanding how stigma experienced by people with BPD acts as a barrier to compassion and by extension recovery. This paper synthesises these perspectives, examining common barriers to compassionate acts, the impact of stigma on people with BPD, and how these barriers are exacerbated for individuals with BPD due to the stigma they face. The synthesis of perspectives in the article highlights the critical role of compassion in supporting the recovery of individuals with BPD, while also revealing the significant barriers posed by stigma. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive understanding of the intersection between compassion and stigma, informing the development of targeted interventions to promote well-being and recovery for individuals with BPD.

  • The Culture War and Partisan Polarization: State Political Parties, 1960–2018

  • Gerald Gamm, Justin H. Phillips, Matthew Carr, Michael Auslen
  • Journal:
    Studies in American Political Development / Volume 38 / Issue 2 / October 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 September 2024, pp. 117-137
    • Article
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  • Partisan polarization on “culture war” issues has become a defining feature of contemporary American politics. This was not always the case; for the first two-thirds of the twentieth century, social issues such as abortion and LGBTQ rights played no role in politics. Where and when did the partisan divide begin? Did the initiative come from state or national parties? Was there a critical moment, or was position change incremental? We have constructed an original database of nearly 2,000 state party platforms from 1960 to 2018. These platforms allow us to trace position-taking on these issues and generate estimates of platform ideology. By the time national parties took positions, we show, they lagged state-level position-taking. Contrary to long-held assumptions, we show that state party system polarization did not occur around any critical moment but rather was incremental.

Access to Justice for Disadvantaged Communities

The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology
  • 2nd edition
  • Edited by Philip J. Corr, Gerald Matthews
  • Published online:
    18 September 2020
    Print publication:
    03 September 2020
  • Research on personality psychology is making important contributions to psychological science and applied psychology. This second edition of The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology offers a one-stop resource for scientific personality psychology. It summarizes cutting-edge personality research in all its forms, including genetics, psychometrics, social-cognitive psychology, and real-world expressions, with informative and lively chapters that also highlight some areas of controversy. The team of renowned international authors, led by two esteemed editors, ensures a wide range of theoretical perspectives. Each research area is discussed in terms of scientific foundations, main theories and findings, and future directions for research. The handbook also features advances in technology, such as molecular genetics and functional neuroimaging, as well as contemporary statistical approaches. An invaluable aid to understanding the central role played by personality in psychology, it will appeal to students, researchers, and practitioners in psychology, behavioral neuroscience, and the social sciences.

  • Depressed mood and anxiety as risk factors for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • Matthew Shay, Anna L. MacKinnon, Amy Metcalfe, Gerald Giesbrecht, Tavis Campbell, Kara Nerenberg, Suzanne Tough, Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 50 / Issue 13 / October 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 September 2020, pp. 2128-2140
  • Background

    Psychosocial factors have been implicated as both a cause and consequence of hypertension in the general population but are less understood in relation to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). The aims of this review were to (1) synthesize the existing literature examining associations between depression and/or anxiety in pregnancy and HDP and (2) assess if depression and/or anxiety in early pregnancy was a risk factor for HDP.

    Methods

    A comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO was conducted from inception to March 2020 using terms related to ‘pregnancy’, ‘anxiety’, ‘depression’, and ‘hypertensive disorders’. English-language cohort and case-control studies were included if they reported: (a) the presence or absence of clinically significant symptoms of depression/anxiety, or a medical record diagnosis of depression or an anxiety disorder in pregnancy; (b) diagnosis of HDP; and/or (c) data comparing the depressed/anxious group to the non-depressed/anxious group on HDP. Data related to depression/anxiety, HDP, study characteristics, and aspects related to study quality were extracted independently by two reviewers. Random-effects meta-analyses of estimated pooled relative risks (RRs) were conducted for depression/anxiety in pregnancy and HDP.

    Results

    In total, 6291 citations were retrieved, and 44 studies were included across 61.2 million pregnancies. Depression and/or anxiety were associated with HDP [RR = 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–1.54].

    Conclusions

    When measurement of anxiety or depression preceded diagnosis of hypertension, the association remained (RR = 1.27; 95% CI 1.07–1.50). Women experiencing depression or anxiety in pregnancy have an increased prevalence of HDP compared to their non-depressed or non-anxious counterparts.

  • 21 - Cognitive Processes and Models

  • from Part V - Cognitive and Motivational Perspectives: Dynamic Processes of Personality
  • Edited by Philip J. Corr, City, University London, Gerald Matthews, University of Central Florida
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology
    Published online:
    18 September 2020
    Print publication:
    03 September 2020, pp 295-315

  • Summary

    This chapter provides an introductory review of cognitive-psychological research on personality traits and performance. Traits correlate with objective performance measures in both laboratory and real-world settings, but observed correlations are typically open to multiple explanations. The cognitive psychological perspective is that models of performance can identify information-processing routines that determine performance, such as attention, memory and response selection. In personality research, we can then investigate relationships between traits and individual differences in such component processes that underpin the observed trait-performance correlation. One of the goals of this chapter is to illustrate some of the relationships between traits and information-processing that have been identified from empirical performance studies, and their explanation from cognitive science theory.

  • General Introduction

  • Edited by Philip J. Corr, City, University London, Gerald Matthews, University of Central Florida
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology
    Published online:
    18 September 2020
    Print publication:
    03 September 2020, pp 1-10

  • Summary

    In the Editors’ General Introduction to the first (2009) edition of this handbook, we acclaimed the success of the trait approach to personality (Matthews, Deary & Whiteman, 2009). Since that time, this approach has been boosted by growing consensus among researchers on the nature and measurement of the major traits, by remarkable advances in genetics and neuroscience, by increasing integration with various fields of mainstream psychology, and by applied utility – the maturity of the field is attested by the establishment of new journals, notably Personality Neuroscience (published by Cambridge University Press; see Corr & Mobbs, 2018). Such has been progress, trait researchers now pursue “normal science” (Kuhn, 1962): Common core assumptions are shared about the nature of personality and former vexatious positions are seen as far less relevant. There is a reasonable agreement on dimensional models, the importance of both biological and social factors, and the dependence of behavior on person × situation interaction. Within this consensus, a variety of still-burning questions remain (Fajkowska & Kreitler, 2018); for example, on the causal status of traits, sources of stability and change in personality over the lifespan, and the respective roles of trait and state factors in behavior.

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