Downward fluxes of particulate matter were investigated in the polynya of Terra Nova Bay
(western Ross Sea) from February 1995 to December 1997. Biogenic silica made up the bulk of the sinking
matter, reaching a maximum of 85% of the total flux in both the shallow and deep traps. Organic carbon
accounted for 2.1 to 23.5% of the sample mass in the shallow trap and 2.8 to 7.2% in the deep trap. Biogenic
silica and organic carbon peaks occurred in February–March over the three years and were always coupled
in the top trap. Carbonate fluxes showed an uneven temporal trend, were low near the seafloor and
contributed up to 69.8% of the material collected by the shallow trap. Vertical fluxes in the polynya showed
large seasonal and interannual variability. Differences in primary productivity, ice cover dynamics and
current energies accounted for the interannual changes in the flux of materials to the subsurface trap.
Advection from sites a few hundred kilometres apart was the most likely reason for the decoupling between
shallow and deep fluxes after October 1996. The seasonal pattern of downward fluxes was essentially linked
to the seasonal cycle of primary production and spring–summer variations largely resulted from the
composition of the phytoplankton assemblage in the overlying water column. The export of phototrophically
produced materials to depth was low in late spring–early summer, at the time when Phaeocystis and small
flagellates were the predominant autotrophs and the microbial food web prevailed over herbivorous feeding.
Enhanced fluxes were linked to the predominance of large diatoms above the trap, in late summer. Temporal
dynamics in this polynya were delayed by approximately one month as compared to the southernmost Ross
Sea polynya, but showed the same temporal pattern: the time lag between production and accumulation of
biogenic materials in the upper water column was a few weeks, while the delay in export from the surface
layer relative to the maximum accumulation of biomass was approximately one month.