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Multi-Trait Analysis of GWAS and Biological Insights Into Cognition: A Response to Hill (2018)
- Max Lam, Joey W. Trampush, Jin Yu, Emma Knowles, Srdjan Djurovic, Ingrid Melle, Kjetil Sundet, Andrea Christoforou, Ivar Reinvang, Pamela DeRosse, Astri J. Lundervold, Vidar M. Steen, Thomas Espeseth, Katri Räikkönen, Elisabeth Widen, Aarno Palotie, Johan G. Eriksson, Ina Giegling, Bettina Konte, Panos Roussos, Stella Giakoumaki, Katherine E. Burdick, Antony Payton, William Ollier, Ornit Chiba-Falek, Deborah K. Attix, Anna C. Need, Elizabeth T. Cirulli, Aristotle N. Voineskos, Nikos C. Stefanis, Dimitrios Avramopoulos, Alex Hatzimanolis, Dan E. Arking, Nikolaos Smyrnis, Robert M. Bilder, Nelson A. Freimer, Tyrone D. Cannon, Edythe London, Russell A. Poldrack, Fred W. Sabb, Eliza Congdon, Emily Drabant Conley, Matthew A. Scult, Dwight Dickinson, Richard E. Straub, Gary Donohoe, Derek Morris, Aiden Corvin, Michael Gill, Ahmad R. Hariri, Daniel R. Weinberger, Neil Pendleton, Panos Bitsios, Dan Rujescu, Jari Lahti, Stephanie Le Hellard, Matthew C. Keller, Ole A. Andreassen, David C. Glahn, Anil K. Malhotra, Todd Lencz
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- Journal:
- Twin Research and Human Genetics / Volume 21 / Issue 5 / October 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 July 2018, pp. 394-397
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- Article
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Hill (Twin Research and Human Genetics, Vol. 21, 2018, 84–88) presented a critique of our recently published paper in Cell Reports entitled ‘Large-Scale Cognitive GWAS Meta-Analysis Reveals Tissue-Specific Neural Expression and Potential Nootropic Drug Targets’ (Lam et al., Cell Reports, Vol. 21, 2017, 2597–2613). Specifically, Hill offered several interrelated comments suggesting potential problems with our use of a new analytic method called Multi-Trait Analysis of GWAS (MTAG) (Turley et al., Nature Genetics, Vol. 50, 2018, 229–237). In this brief article, we respond to each of these concerns. Using empirical data, we conclude that our MTAG results do not suffer from ‘inflation in the FDR [false discovery rate]’, as suggested by Hill (Twin Research and Human Genetics, Vol. 21, 2018, 84–88), and are not ‘more relevant to the genetic contributions to education than they are to the genetic contributions to intelligence’.
27 - Service models
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- By Sarah Burlinson, Royal Oldham Hospital, Oldham, UK, Stella Morris, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
- Edited by Elspeth Guthrie, Sanjay Rao, Melanie Temple
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- Book:
- Seminars in Liaison Psychiatry
- Published by:
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published online:
- 25 February 2017, pp 428-439
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Summary
The wide diversity of liaison psychiatry services that exists across the UK is striking. It is clear that no one model fits all and that a number of factors including funding streams, historical factors and the enthusiasm and interest of clinicians working in this field have shaped the services in place today. Helpfully, a number of national policies released by the Department of Health over the past few years have begun to enshrine the provision of both a biopsychosocial and multidisciplinary approach to patient care in an increasing number of areas of physical health (see Suggested reading). The shift in delivery of medical care from hospitals to primary care may well influence where further developments within liaison psychiatry services occur.
This chapter is divided into a number of sections each describing a variety of service models in different areas, namely: A&E, wards in the general hospital, out-patient settings and primary care. In addition, a service model that includes the provision of in-patient liaison psychiatry beds is discussed. Finally, the Psychiatric Liaison Accreditation Network (PLAN), a recently launched initiative established to improve and raise the profile of mental health services to general hospitals across the UK and Ireland, is described.
Some services may have the funding and local champions to deliver a comprehensive service to many areas, whereas in others just a small specific development may be possible (e.g. a clinical and supervisory link with a palliative care multidisciplinary team). Wherever the service is to be developed there are four core principles that need to be considered:
the types of clinical problems encountered
the age groups the service will cover
the times of operation provided by the service
the nature of the service offered (i.e. assessment only or assessment and intervention).
Decisions made concerning these issues will in turn determine the most appropriate service model to develop and the size and skill-mix of the liaison team. Managerial arrangements and educational and training roles also need consideration. However, this chapter focuses on the clinical provision of services rather than the latter factors.
Contributors
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- By Nozomi Akanuma, Gonzalo Alarcón, R. Arunachalam, Sarah H. Bernard, Frank M. C. Besag, Istvan Bodi, Stephen Brown, Franz Brunnhuber, Antonella Cerquiglini, J. Helen Cross, R. Shane Delamont, Archana Desurkar, Lee Drummond, Rona Eade, Robert D. C. Elwes, Bidi Evans, Peter Fenwick, Colin D. Ferrie, Paul L. Furlong, Laura H. Goldstein, Sally Gomersall, Sushma Goyal, Jane Hanna, Yvonne Hart, Dominic C. Heaney, Graham E. Holder, Mrinalini Honavar, Elaine Hughes, Jozef M. Jarosz, John G. R. Jefferys, Jane Juler, Mathias Koepp, Michalis Koutroumanidis, Maureen Lahiff, Louis Lemieux, David McCormick, Brian Meldrum, John D. C. Mellers, Nicholas Moran, John Moriarty, Robin G. Morris, Nandini Mullatti, Lina Nashef, Jennifer Nightingale, T. J. von Oertzen, Corina O'Neill, Philip N. Patsalos, Stella Pearson, Charles E. Polkey, Ronit Pressler, Edward H. Reynolds, Mark P. Richardson, Leone Ridsdale, Robert Robinson, Greg Rogers, Euan M. Ross, Richard P. Selway, Stefano Seri, Simeran Sharma, Graeme J. Sills, Andrew Simmons, Shiri Spector, Mark Stevenson, Jade N. Thai, Brian Toone, Antonio Valentín, Nuria T. Villagra, Matthew Walker, William Whitehouse
- Edited by Gonzalo Alarcón, King's College London, Antonio Valentín, King's College London
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- Book:
- Introduction to Epilepsy
- Published online:
- 05 July 2012
- Print publication:
- 26 April 2012, pp xii-xv
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27 - Service models
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- By Sarah Burlinson, Consultant Psychiatrist, Department of Psychological Medicine, Royal Oldham Hospital, Oldham, UK, Stella Morris, Liaison Psychiatrist, Department of Psychological Medicine, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
- Edited by Elspeth Guthrie, Sanjay Rao, Melanie Temple
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- Book:
- Seminars in Liaison Psychiatry
- Published online:
- 02 January 2018
- Print publication:
- 01 March 2012, pp 428-439
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- Chapter
- Export citation
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Summary
The wide diversity of liaison psychiatry services that exists across the UK is striking. It is clear that no one model fits all and that a number of factors including funding streams, historical factors and the enthusiasm and interest of clinicians working in this field have shaped the services in place today. Helpfully, a number of national policies released by the Department of Health over the past few years have begun to enshrine the provision of both a biopsychosocial and multidisciplinary approach to patient care in an increasing number of areas of physical health (see Suggested reading). The shift in delivery of medical care from hospitals to primary care may well influence where further developments within liaison psychiatry services occur.
This chapter is divided into a number of sections each describing a variety of service models in different areas, namely: A'E, wards in the general hospital, out-patient settings and primary care. In addition, a service model that includes the provision of in-patient liaison psychiatry beds is discussed. Finally, the Psychiatric Liaison Accreditation Network (PLAN), a recently launched initiative established to improve and raise the profile of mental health services to general hospitals across the UK and Ireland, is described.
Some services may have the funding and local champions to deliver a comprehensive service to many areas, whereas in others just a small specific development may be possible (e.g. a clinical and supervisory link with a palliative care multidisciplinary team). Wherever the service is to be developed there are four core principles that need to be considered:
the types of clinical problems encountered
the age groups the service will cover
the times of operation provided by the service
the nature of the service offered (i.e. assessment only or assessment and intervention).
Decisions made concerning these issues will in turn determine the most appropriate service model to develop and the size and skill-mix of the liaison team. Managerial arrangements and educational and training roles also need consideration. However, this chapter focuses on the clinical provision of services rather than the latter factors.
2 - Establishing a service
- from Part I - Basic skills
- Edited by Geoffrey Lloyd, Priory Hospital, London, Elspeth Guthrie, University of Manchester
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- Book:
- Handbook of Liaison Psychiatry
- Published online:
- 10 December 2009
- Print publication:
- 24 May 2007, pp 24-46
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Summary
The provision of liaison services is variable both in terms of the existence of specialized teams based in the general hospital and the model of service. This chapter is a useful starting point for trainees in psychiatry hoping to become consultants in liaison psychiatry and to establish a new unit. The need for a liaison psychiatry service must be established and this, together with feasibility and benefits of providing such a service, has to be clearly demonstrated in a business case to be submitted to the relevant funding bodies. Before any business case for a service can be written, it is important to have some idea of the likely numbers of referrals to the service so that these can be matched with resources. The advice and support of a more senior colleague in liaison psychiatry who may well be based in another town or city is likely to be beneficial.