Intravenous Anesthesia for Cosmetic Surgery

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511547218.014

11 - Intravenous Anesthesia for Cosmetic Surgery

from PART II - ALTERNATIVE ANESTHESIA APPROACHES IN COSMETIC SURGERY

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 August 2009

David Barinholtz M.D.

Edited by

Barry Friedberg

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David Barinholtz M.D.: Affiliation:
President and CEO Mobile Anesthesiologists, LLC, Chicago, IL
Barry Friedberg: Affiliation:
Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

In the 1840s came the first case reports of successfully anesthetizing patients for surgical procedures. The agents used were inhalational agents, specifically diethyl ether and nitrous oxide. Crawford Long, Horace Wells, and William T. G. Morton will forever be credited with bringing the benefits of anesthesia to patients undergoing surgery. No longer would surgical patients needlessly suffer. In this era, the only ways to deliver an anesthetic systemically was by inhalation or ingestion (hollow needles had not yet been invented). Inhalation agents provided a rapid, reliable, predictable way to anesthetize patients compared with ingesting alcohol and/or opiates. Hollow needles were introduced in the late 1800s.

Although various injectable adjuncts such as opiates, sedative/hypnotics, dissociative agents, and muscle relaxants were developed in the early and mid 20th century, inhalation agents (i.e., nitrous oxide and the halogenated ether derivatives such as halothane, ethrane, isoflurane) were the mainstays of anesthesia until the 1980s. However, they were far from ideal. Inhalation agents (volatile) are fraught with a myriad of side effects, such as myocardial depression, hypotension, arrhythmias, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Anesthesia was very risky until the 1980s. The combination of cardiovascular effects of inhalation agents, the routine use of muscle relaxants, and lack of sophisticated monitoring devices other than ECG, NIABP, and spirometry (in addition to the finger on the pulse, stethoscope, and direct observation) was the underlying reason. Anesthetic-related death rates were generally quoted in the 1-in-10,000 range.

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Type: Chapter
Information: Anesthesia in Cosmetic Surgery , pp. 112 - 130

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511547218.014 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2007

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