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Western Debates About Chinese Entrepreneurship in the Treaty Port Period, 1842–1911

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2019

MIRIAM KAMINISHI  and
ANDREW DAVID SMITH
MIRIAM KAMINISHI
Affiliation:
Miriam Kaminishi is an assistant professor at Macau University of Science and Technology. Her research areas are related to economic and business history, Chinese entrepreneurship, and market integration. Contact information: Macau University of Science and Technology, School of Business, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau. E-mail: miriamk@must.edu.mo.
ANDREW DAVID SMITH
Affiliation:
Andrew David Smith is a senior lecturer in international business at the University of Liverpool Management School. His research interests include entrepreneurship, organizational change, alternative institutions, and political economy. Contact information: University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool Management School, Liverpool, United Kingdom. E-mail: A.D.Smith@liverpool.ac.uk.
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Abstract

This paper assesses how Westerners depicted Chinese entrepreneurship in the late Qing period. The paper, which is based on a range of primary sources in English, Portuguese, and French, shows that Western views of Chinese entrepreneurs were highly diverse and that while some contemporary authors viewed Chinese entrepreneurship through an Orientalist lens, others rejected this paradigm by stressing that Chinese people, or at least some subsets of the Han Chinese population, were extremely entrepreneurial. Another group of authors modified the Orientalist stereotype of Chinese stagnation by suggesting that Chinese businesspeople were capable of the lower entrepreneurial functions (e.g., simple arbitrage) but not the higher branches of entrepreneurship, which involved innovation and creative destruction. These entrepreneurial functions were, ethnocentrically, regarded as the domain of Westerners. The paper may extend our understanding about how the past still affects our current perception of Chinese entrepreneurship. It also develops our understanding of the cultural histories of entrepreneurship and Sino-Western business.

Type
Article
Information
Enterprise & Society , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , March 2020 , pp. 134 - 169
Copyright
Copyright © The Author 2019. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Business History Conference. All rights reserved. 

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References

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