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The Impact of Reducing Antibiotics on the Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2017

Sean L. Barnes ,
Clare Rock ,
Anthony D. Harris ,
Sara E. Cosgrove ,
Daniel J. Morgan  and
Kerri A. Thom
Sean L. Barnes*
Affiliation:
Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
Clare Rock
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Anthony D. Harris
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Sara E. Cosgrove
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Daniel J. Morgan
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Veterans Affairs Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, Maryland Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy, Washington, DC
Kerri A. Thom*
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
*
Address correspondence to Sean Barnes, 4352 Van Munching Hall, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (sbarnes@rhsmith.umd.edu) or Kerri Thom, 685 West Baltimore Street, MSTF 334B, Baltimore, MD 21201 (kthom@epi.umaryland.edu).
Address correspondence to Sean Barnes, 4352 Van Munching Hall, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (sbarnes@rhsmith.umd.edu) or Kerri Thom, 685 West Baltimore Street, MSTF 334B, Baltimore, MD 21201 (kthom@epi.umaryland.edu).
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Antibiotic resistance is a major threat to public health. Resistance is largely driven by antibiotic usage, which in many cases is unnecessary and can be improved. The impact of decreasing overall antibiotic usage on resistance is unknown and difficult to assess using standard study designs. The objective of this study was to explore the potential impact of reducing antibiotic usage on the transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs).

DESIGN

We used agent-based modeling to simulate interactions between patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) using model inputs informed by the literature. We modeled the effect of antibiotic usage as (1) a microbiome effect, for which antibiotic usage decreases competing bacteria and increases the MDRO transmission probability between patients and HCWs and (2) a mutation effect that designates a proportion of patients who receive antibiotics to subsequently develop a MDRO via genetic mutation.

SETTING

Intensive care unit

INTERVENTIONS

Absolute reduction in overall antibiotic usage by experimental values of 10% and 25%

RESULTS

Reducing antibiotic usage absolutely by 10% (from 75% to 65%) and 25% (from 75% to 50%) reduced acquisition rates of high-prevalence MDROs by 11.2% (P<.001) and 28.3% (P<.001), respectively. We observed similar effect sizes for low-prevalence MDROs.

CONCLUSIONS

In a critical care setting, where up to 50% of antibiotic courses may be inappropriate, even a moderate reduction in antibiotic usage can reduce MDRO transmission.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:663–669

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 38 , Issue 6 , June 2017 , pp. 663 - 669
Copyright
© 2017 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved 

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