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Advancements in mammalian X and Y sperm differences and sex control technology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2022

Qifu He Open the ORCID record for Qifu He [Opens in a new window] ,
Min Huang ,
Xuyang Cao ,
Kang Zhang ,
Jun Liu  and
Fusheng Quan
Qifu He
Affiliation:
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Shaanxi Animal Embryo Engineering Technology Research Center, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
Min Huang
Affiliation:
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Shaanxi Animal Embryo Engineering Technology Research Center, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
Xuyang Cao
Affiliation:
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Shaanxi Animal Embryo Engineering Technology Research Center, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
Kang Zhang
Affiliation:
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Shaanxi Animal Embryo Engineering Technology Research Center, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
Jun Liu*
Affiliation:
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Shaanxi Animal Embryo Engineering Technology Research Center, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
Fusheng Quan*
Affiliation:
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Shaanxi Animal Embryo Engineering Technology Research Center, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
*
Authors for correspondence: Fusheng Quan. College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, Shaanxi, China. Tel: +86 29 87080092. Fax: +86 2987080085. E-mail: quanfusheng@nwsuaf.edu.cn. Jun Liu. College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, Shaanxi, China. Tel: +86 29 87080092. E-mail: liujun2013@nwsuaf.edu.cn.
Authors for correspondence: Fusheng Quan. College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, Shaanxi, China. Tel: +86 29 87080092. Fax: +86 2987080085. E-mail: quanfusheng@nwsuaf.edu.cn. Jun Liu. College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, Shaanxi, China. Tel: +86 29 87080092. E-mail: liujun2013@nwsuaf.edu.cn.
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Summary

Mammal sex determination depends on whether the X sperm or Y sperm binds to the oocyte during fertilization. If the X sperm joins in oocyte, the offspring will be female, if the Y sperm fertilizes, the offspring will be male. Livestock sex control technology has tremendous value for livestock breeding as it can increase the proportion of female offspring and improve the efficiency of livestock production. This review discusses the detailed differences between mammalian X and Y sperm with respect to their morphology, size, and motility in the reproductive tract and in in vitro conditions, as well as ’omics analysis results. Moreover, research progress in mammalian sex control technology has been summarized.

Keywords

Livestock’Omics researchSex controlSperm separationX spermatozoaY spermatozoa
Type
Review Article
Information
Zygote , Volume 30 , Issue 4 , August 2022 , pp. 423 - 430
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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